I&d Week 2 Self Assessment

Front 1

A granuloma is precipitation of mycolic acid T/F

Back 1

F

Front 2

What is mycolic acid?

Back 2

long fatty acids found in the cell walls of the mycolata taxon, a group of bacteria that includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They form the major component of the cell wall of mycolata species.

Front 3

A granuloma is a collection of granulocytes T/F

Back 3

F

Front 4

A granuloma is a collection of macrophages surrounded by epitheloid cells T/F

Back 4

T

Front 5

A granuloma is a characteristic feature of acute inflammation T/F

Back 5

F

Front 6

A granuloma is a host response to limit the spread of mycobacteria T/F

Back 6

T

Front 7

Cytotoxic T cells mainly express CD4 molecules T/F

Back 7

F, it's CD8

Front 8

Cytotoxic T cells interact with antigen presented by class II MHC molecules T/F

Back 8

F

Front 9

Cytotoxic T cells require help from CD4+ Th1 cells to become effector cells T/F

Back 9

T

Front 10

Cytotoxic T cells are important in virus infections T/F

Back 10

T

Front 11

Cytotoxic T cells are useful in killing bacteria T/F

Back 11

F

Front 12

Memory responses to antigens usually occur more rapidly than primary responses T/F

Back 12

T

Front 13

Memory responses to antigens are a feature of adaptive as distinct from the innate immune system T/F

Back 13

T

Front 14

Memory responses to antigens usually result in a lower affinity of antibody produced T/F

Back 14

F

Front 15

Memory responses to antigens are usually of greater magnitude than primary responses T/F

Back 15

T

Front 16

Memory responses to antigens provide the basis for vaccination T/F

Back 16

T

Front 17

B lymphocytes are produced in the thymus T/F

Back 17

F

Front 18

B lymphocytes localise in the paracortical region of lymph nodes T/F

Back 18

F

Front 19

B lymphocytes are absent from the spleen T/F

Back 19

F

Front 20

B lymphocytes develop into plasma cells T/F

Back 20

T

Front 21

B lymphocytes have antibody as their antigen receptor T/F

Back 21

T

Front 22

T lymphocytes secrete interleukins T/F

Back 22

T

Front 23

T lymphocytes secrete antibody heavy chains T/F

Back 23

F

Front 24

T lymphocytes stimulate macrophages via cytokine release T/F

Back 24

T

Front 25

T lymphocytes stimulate B cells via cytokine release T/F

Back 25

T

Front 26

T lymphocytes of the CD4+ subset are responsible for granulomas in TB T/F

Back 26

T

Front 27

A complete IgG molecule contains two antigen binding receptors T/F

Back 27

T (there are two fab chains)

Front 28

A complete IgG molecule contains two alpha heavy chains T/F

Back 28

F, that's IgA (easy to remember)

Front 29

A complete IgG molecule contains one kappa light chain and one lambda chain T/F

Back 29

F - only ever contain two of the same light chain

Front 30

A complete IgG molecule contains disulphide bonds between the two light chains T/F

Back 30

F

Front 31

The single best defining feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is that it:


1. Has a Gram-positive cell wall structure
2. Can be cultured using solid and liquid media
3. Is an aerobe
4. Is an ‘acid fast’ bacterium
5. Shares cell wall antigens with other mycobacteria

Back 31

4. Is an ‘acid fast’ bacterium

Front 32

The single best defining feature of tuberculosis and its spread is that:

1. Spread of infection can be controlled by the isolation of patients
2. Infection can be transmitted via urine
3. M. tuberculosis can cause meningitis
4. Spread of infection can be prevented by vaccination with BCG
5. Infectious aerosols are the principal route of infection

Back 32

5. Infectious aerosols are the principal route of infection

Front 33

The single best defining feature of the pathology and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is that:


1. Antibodies may protect against M. tuberculosis
2. The main virulence factors of M. tuberculosis are the cell wall mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan
3. M. tuberculosis can infect lungs without causing lesions
4. M. tuberculosis is ingested by monocytes
5. Phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis involves multiple classes of receptors

Back 33

2. The main virulence factors of M. tuberculosis are the cell wall mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan

Front 34

The single most effective part of the immune response to M.tuberculosis is thought to be:

1 .NK cell recognition of infected macrophages
2. The involvement of Th1 cells
3. Activation of infected macrophages by IFN-gamma produced from Th2 cells
4. The recruitment of regulatory T-cells into the granuloma
5. MHC class II presentation of M.tuberculosis antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells

Back 34

2. The involvement of Th1 cells

Front 35

The single most important fact related to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is that:

1. Acid fast bacilli can be detected by microscopic examination of sputum smears stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method
2. Diagnosis of tuberculosis is a clinical decision
3. Standard antimicrobial treatment is a combination of rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide +/- ethambutol for a total of 6 months
4. Molecular diagnostics based on the polymerase chain reaction detect M. tuberculosis DNA
5. Total treatment time depends upon the clinical presentation of the disease

Back 35

3. Standard antimicrobial treatment is a combination of rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide +/- ethambutol for