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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Iatrogenic infection
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Acquired by patient during treatment
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Nosocomial infection
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Acquired by patient/health care worker in hospital
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Horizontal transmission
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Between individuals
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Vertical transmission
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Mother to embryo/foetus/newborn
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Zoonosis
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Transmission from animal to human (sometimes arthropod borne)
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How is a virus directly transmitted? (5)
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Direct contact, transplacental transmission, breast feeding, droplet spray (sneezing, coughing etc.), bite of animal
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How is a virus indirectly transmitted? (4)
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Airborne, vehicle-borne (e.g. vial oral route), needle/blood transfusion/organ transplant, vector-borne (e.g. malaria via mosquitos)
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What factors affect the efficiency of transmission of the virus? (3)
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Viral titre (amount of virus), length of infectious period, ability to overcome host immunity
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What factors affect viral infectivity (ability of a pathogen to establish an infection)? (4)
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Temperature, pH, lipid solvents/detergents/bleach, ionising radiation
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How can susceptivle hosts be protected from viruses? (3)
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Immune globin administered, prophylaxis with antival drugs (both short term), vaccination programmes (long term)
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Define endemic
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When there are multiple chains of transmission resulting in continuous occurance in a population
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Define incidence
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The proprtion of a population contracting that disease during a specified period, expressed as a ratio in population
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Define prevalence
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Proportion of a population infected at a specific point in time
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Define epidemic
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Peak in disease incidence that exceeds the expected rate for that disease
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Define pandemic
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World wide epidemic
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Define incubation period
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The interval between infection and the onset of disease
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Define mortality rate
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The ratio of number of deaths from a disease in a given year to the total population at mid year
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What is a fomite?
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Any inanimate object (as a towel or money or clothing or dishes or books or toys etc.) that can transmit infectious agents from one person to another
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What is an arbovirus?
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ARthropod-BOrne viruses. They are viruses transmitted via arthropods.
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