I&d The Innate/adaptive Interface

Front 1

Macrophages and dendritic cells are derived from...

Back 1

...blood monocytes

Front 2

Macrophages and DCs divide in response to antigens T/F

Back 2

F

Front 3

Macrophages and DCs are members of the adaptive system T/F

Back 3

F

Front 4

Do DCs phagocytose microbes?

Back 4

Yes

Front 5

Which microbial products activate macrophages and DCs?

Back 5

Lipopolysaccharide and cytokines

Front 6

Lymphocytes are cells of the adaptive immune response T/F

Back 6

T

Front 7

Lymphocytes have rich endoplasmic reticulum T/F

Back 7

F

Front 8

Were is the origin of macrophages/DCs?

Back 8

Bone marrow

Front 9

Where is the origin of lymphocytes?

Back 9

Bone marrow

Front 10

Where are macrophages/DCs found after production? (3)

Back 10

Tissues, lymph, lymphoid organs

Front 11

Where are lymphocytes found after production? (3)

Back 11

Blood, lymph, lymphoid organs

Front 12

How do macrophages/DCs recognise antigen?

Back 12

Through pattern recognition receptors

Front 13

How do lymphocytes recognise antigen?

Back 13

Through specific antigen receptors

Front 14

What are the typical cytokines of macrophages/DCs?

Back 14

IL-1/12/15

Front 15

What are the typical cytokines of lymphocytes?

Back 15

T lymphocytes - IL-2/4/5/16, interferon gamma (IFNy)

Front 16

What is a cytokine?

Back 16

Any of a number of substances, such as interferon, interleukin, and growth factors, that are secreted by certain cells of the immune system and have an effect on other cells. They are used as signalling and communication methods

Front 17

What is an interferon?

Back 17

A protein released by animal cells, usually in response to the entry of a virus, that has the property of inhibiting virus replication

Front 18

Macrophages/DCs produce antibodies T/F

Back 18

F

Front 19

Lymphocytes produce antibodies T/F

Back 19

B lymphocytes only

Front 20

Macrophages/DCs are phagocytic T/F

Back 20

T

Front 21

Lymphocytes are phagocytic T/F

Back 21

F

Front 22

Macrophages/DCs recirculate T/F

Back 22

F

Front 23

Lymphocytes recirculate T/F

Back 23

T

Front 24

When lymphocytes are activated in lymphoid tissues, they develop into larger...

Back 24

...lymphoblasts (in the case of B lymphocytes some of these will develop into plasma cells)

Front 25

List the features and functions of plasma cells (3)

Back 25

Secrete antibody
Large amount of cytoplasm
Rich in ER

Front 26

What are the common properties of B and T lymphocytes? (4)

Back 26

Recirculate around the body through lymphoid organs/tissues (allows them to encounter their specific antigen)

Each lymphocyte has individual receptors in its plasma membrane to enable it to recognise a particular antigen (confers specificity on the lymphocyte)

Undergo clonal proliferation when activated by specific antigen making contact with their specific antigen receptor (allows build up to deal with infection)

Show the property of immunological memory (faster and bigger response on re-encounter)

Front 27

What are the differences between T and B cells? (2)

Back 27

B lymphocytes are programmed to become antibody-secreting plasma cells

There are three functional populations of T-lymphocytes

Front 28

What is the function of T helper cells? (Th)

Back 28

They help/amplify immune responses

Front 29

What is the function of T regulatory cells? (Treg)

Back 29

They limit immune responses to avoid damage

Front 30

house (m. version)

Back 30

οἰκος

Front 31

What is the Ag receptor on B cells?

Back 31

Antibody (BCR)

Front 32

What is the Ag receptor on T cells?

Back 32

TCR

Front 33

What is the Ag receptor signalling method used by B cells?

Back 33

Igα/Igβ

Front 34

What is the Ag receptor signalling method used by T cells?

Back 34

CD3

Front 35

Which cells use MHC class II?

Back 35

B cells

Front 36

Which cells use CD19?

Back 36

B cells

Front 37

B cells use CD4 or CD8?

Back 37

Neither

Front 38

T helper cells mostly use CD4/CD8

Back 38

CD4

Front 39

T regulatory cells mostly use CD4/CD8

Back 39

CD4

Front 40

T cytotoxic cells mostly use CD4/CD8

Back 40

CD8

Front 41

Which cells use Foxp3?

Back 41

T regulatory cells

Front 42

T cells are derived from...but develop in the...

Back 42

Bone marrow haemotopoietic stem cells. But develop in the THYMUS

1248131110

Front 43

B cells fully develop in the

Back 43

Bone marrow

Front 44

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Back 44

The bone marrow and thymus

Front 45

Where do T and B lymphocytes carry out their function?

Back 45

In the secondary lymphoid organs

Front 46

What are the secondary lymphoid organs and tissues? (3)

Back 46

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, lymph nodes and spleen

Front 47

Homing receptors on the lymphocytes allow them to attach to...so that they can enter a lymph node

Back 47

High endothelial venules (HEVs)

Front 48

What are HEVs?

Back 48

High endothelial venules - venous swellings characterized by simple cuboidal cells as opposed to the usual endothelial cells found in regular venules. HEVs enable lymphocytes circulating in the blood to directly enter a lymph node)

Front 49

T lymphocytes recirculate about ____ a day. B cells are faster/slower

Back 49

Once. B cells are slower

Front 50

What are the only cells in the blood steam that can move into and then out of the various body tissues?

Back 50

Lymphocytes

Front 51

Macrophages leave the bone marrow as _________ and settle down in tissues where they function as __________ cells.

They grow up so fast!

Back 51

Monocytes
Phagocytic

Front 52

Give the route from lymph node to secondary lymphoid tissue.

Back 52

Lymph node --> Efferent lymph --> Blood --> (afferent lymph) --> Lymph nodes

This allows the specific receptors of lymphocytes to come into contact with their antigens localised in the different secondary lymphoid organs and in inflammed tissue

Front 53

Where are dendritic cells found?

Back 53

Secondary lymphoid tissues

Front 54

What is the function of dendritic cells?

Back 54

To assist in the recognition of antigen by lymphocytes

Front 55

What are the two types of dendritic cells?

Back 55

Interstital (interdigitating) dendritic cells (IDCs)

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs)

Front 56

The dendritic cells of the skin are called...

Back 56

...Langerhans cells

Front 57

IDCs are initially...but differentiate into an...mode

Back 57

Initiall phagocytic/endocytic but differentiate into an antigen-presenting mode.

Front 58

When IDCs are in their antigen-presenting mode the express high amounts of...

Back 58

...major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) on their surface
- Used to present antigen to the TCR on the surface of T helper cells

Front 59

What is major histocompatibility complex (MHC) used for?

Back 59

Used to present antigen to the TCR on the surface of T helper cells

Front 60

Where are follicular dendritic cells found?

Back 60

In lymphoid follicles

Front 61

What is the function of FDCs?

Back 61

They store conformationally-intact (non processed) antigen for long periods in the form of antigen-antibody complex.

They display antigen to the BCR

Front 62

How do FDCs hold antigen-antibody complexes on their surface?

Back 62

Using Fc receptors

Front 63

Compare FDCs and IDCs

Back 63

FDCs are non-phagocytic and lac expression of MHC class II

Front 64

What is a naive/virgin ?lymphotcyte?

Back 64

One which has not met antigen

Front 65

Do macrophages/DCs proliferate?

Back 65

No

Front 66

What is a 'single positive' cell?

Back 66

A T cell that expresses CD4 OR CD8 as it leaves the thymus

Front 67

Are Ig alpha and Ig beta immunoglobins?

Back 67

No

Front 68

Term used to describe 'Out of the lymph node'

Back 68

Efferent

Front 69

Term used to describe 'into the lymph node'

Back 69

Afferent

Front 70

The thoracic duct leads to the _____ system

Back 70

blood

Front 71

Activation of naive T-cells requires something very powerful. What provides this?

Back 71

IDC cells