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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name other beta-lactam glycopeptides
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monobactam, carbapenem, glycopeptide
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Monobactam
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bacteriocidal
ONLY G- IV/IM "renal sparing" |
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Carbapenem drugs
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Imipenem (Primaxin) - cilastatin
Meropenem (Merrem) Doripenem - best Pseudo Ertapenem (Invanz) - QD inj, long half life |
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Compare pen, cepha, and carbapenem structures
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pen: 5 member ring w/ S
cepha: 6 member ring w/ S carba: 5 member ring (S on R2 group) |
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Which carbapenem is best for Pseudomonas?
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Doripenem
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Glycopeptide drugs
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Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Telavacin (Vibativ) Teicoplanin - Europe Dalbavancin - 1QW dosing |
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Large subunit: 50S
Small subunit: 30S |
biochemical tasks
recognition (binding, affinity, etc) |
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Peptidyl transferase
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Ribozyme
Forms peptide bonds |
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Name 30S inhibitors
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Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Glycylcyclines
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Aminoglycoside drugs
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Gentamicin (Gentak, Gentasol) - most common
Tobramycin (AK-Tob, Tobi, Tobrex) - Pseudomonas Amikacin Streptomycin - 2nd line TB Neomycin (Neo-Fradin, Neo-Rx) Netilmycin Kanamycin Mupirocin (Bactroban) - inhibits ile-tRNA |
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Tetracycline drugs
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Tetracycline
Democyclidine Oxytetracycline Minocycline (Minocin, Dynacin) - cross CNS/CSF Doxycycline - longer half life if used IV |
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Glycylcycline drug
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Tigecycline (Tygacil) - IV
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Name 50S inhibitors
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Macrolides, Ketolides, Lincosamide, Streptogramin, Chloramphenicol, Oxazolidinone
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Macrolide drugs
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Erythromycin (EES) - soil
Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - semi-synthetic Azithromycin (Zithromax, Zmax) - semi-synthetic |
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Ketolide drug
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Telithromycin (Ketek) - semi-synthetic
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Lincosamide drug
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Clindamycin (Cleocin) - PO, IV
Resistance-change in efflux pump doesn't affect |
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Streptogramin drug
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A: Dalfopristin
B: Quinupristin 70:30 (Synercid) |
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Oxazolidinone drug
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Linezolid (Zyvox) - fully synthetic
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Quinolone drugs
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Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
Ofloxacin (Floxin, Ocuflox) - racemic mixture Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Proquin) - pip ring Levofloxacin (Levaquin) - pure L isomer Moxifloxacin (Avelox, Vigamox) Sparfloxacin Trovafloxacin Gemifloxacin (Factive) |
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Nitrofuran drug
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Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) Methenamine - Antiseptic, formaldehyde
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) - analgesic UTI |
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T/F. Macrobid should reach therapeutic level in plasma.
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FALSE! therapeutic level needs to be in urine to fight UTI
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Nitroimidazole drug
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Metronidazole (Flagyl) - recycle drug
Tinidazole |
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Rifamycin drug
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Rifampin (Rifadin)
Rifabutin (Mycobutin) - use if issues with p450 Rifapentine (Priftin) - 1QWK Rifaximin (Xifaxan) - traveler's diarrhea, poor absorption |
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Sulfonamide drugs
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Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) - rapid A&E Sulfadiazine - rapid A&E Sulfasalazine - poor A, active locally in GI tract Dapsone (Aczone) - leprosy Sulfadoxine - long acting Sulfacetamide, mafenide, and Ag sulfdiazine - topical |
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4 major groups based on speed of A&E - sulfonamide
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1. Rapid A&E: sulfisoxazole & sulfadiazine
2. Poor A, active locally in GI: sulfasalazine 3. Topical: sulfacetamide, mafenide, and Ag sulfadiazine 4. Long acting: sulfadoxine |
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Trimethoprim
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combo therapy
SMZ/TMP (Co-trimoxazole, Bactrim) 5:1 combo ~20:1 ratio |
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Lipopeptide drug
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Daptomycin (Cubicin)
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Polymixin drugs
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Polymixin B (Poly-Rx)
Colistin (Coly-Mycin) |
