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61 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Ramadan*
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It is the most sacred time of the year and is the month when the Qur’an was revealed, known as the “Night of Power”. It consists of fasting during the day (no water, food, or sexual relations) and is broken at sundown. Muslims put more effort into refraining from any evil acts.
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Fatwa
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A formal opinion on a point of Islamic law but it must be confirmed by a court to become a law. (9/11) official decree or proclamation given by a someone who is qualified enough to interpret Sharia
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Shahada*
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There is no god but God and Muhammad is his messenger. Knowledge is the meaning of Shahada, its negation and affirmation. 1 of 5 pillars, profession of faith Islamic Creed, there is no God but God
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Allah
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The supreme god of all gods in pre-islamic times when henotheism was still around. It means simply God. He is the same creator God who covenanted with Abraham
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Ka'aba
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established by Abraham and Ishmael, there is a sanctuary which holds in 360 idols, one circumambulates the ka’aba 7 times
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building 2 people
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Jahiliyya
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This is the time know before Islam, because of its corruption, also known as the time of ignorance
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Angel Gabriel
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Muhammad receives a call in 610 to recite the Quran atop Mt. Hira from Grabriel, angels existed before humans beginning with 4 archangels, Gabriel being one of these
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Quraish clan
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the Quraish were the dominate clan in Mecca. The controlled trade and the Uthman caliph came out of it. chased muhammed out of mecca.
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Ali*
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He is a cousin to Muhammad and comes to be an early convert to islam. 4th caliph and 1st imam, important to sani. married muhammad's daughter=bad
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Hadith*
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nature of trasmission, chain of trasmission, sanad and matn are the main elements of the hadith. The first people who received this were the Companions so they preserved and understood it. Authenticated sotries abou the doings of Muhammad. The are the written ways of the prophet and address the details of daily life in the community, marriage, family, and business.
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Ummah
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means community. Between 610 and 622 was the Meccan phase of Ilam while announces the revelations, develops a small ummah, community, growing persecution. Community of the faithful.
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ma
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Hijra
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An Arabic word meaning migration. The emigration of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622, marking the first year of the Islamic calendar. Announces also, Muslims must not live under tyranny; they must be able to their faith freely.
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hiker
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Battle of Badr*
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In 624 the battle aginst the invading Meccan forces. Even thought the Muslims were outnumbered more than 3 to 1 they won, killed at least 45 Meccans, took 70 prisoners for randsom, and only 14 Muslims died. They succeeded in killing many Meccan leaders, including Abu Jahl. There was a change in the direction of prayer from Jerusalem to Mecca. battle between Meccans and Muslims,
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Caliph
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God’s representative on earth, in 632 after the death of Muhammad Abu Bakr was selected as the first caliph. political leader, sometimes more interestedin governing than the reliousness
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Abu Bakr
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selected as the first caliph, chosen at counsel to succeed Muhammad
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Sura
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chapters in the Quar’an, there are 114 of them, the name of each sura comes from a name or quality discussed in the chapter, it’s believed that Muhammad gave each sura it’s name.
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Qur'an
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It is the straight path which is the purification and final revealation, emphasizes the moral significance of an event not the narrative account, Muhammad is only mentioned 4 times, uncreated, given atop mt. Hira, compiled quickly after Muhammad’s death.
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Tafsir
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qur’anic interpretation . There are 3 types- interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an, interpretation by the Hadith, and interpretation by history.
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Iblis*
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the devil, it is not sure if he is an angel or jinn (invisible and made of fire). refused to bow down to adam
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Jinn
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invisible and made of fire, humans are made of clay, includes righteous and evil
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Angel
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made of light, made before humans, 4 archangels rule above (Gabriel, Michael, Irafil, and Izra’il)
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Sunnah
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way and words of the prophets, beaten path, for Christians it would be like WWJD
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Sanad
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part of the hadith, the information provided regarding the route by which the matn has been reached
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Matn
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the wording of the hadith by which it’s meaning is established, content of the hadith, actual story of the Hadith
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Companions
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the first people who received the Hadith so they preserved and understood it
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two Sahihs
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collections of hadith, also the way of eloquence
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Sharia
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the body of Islamic religious law, more of a system of devising laws, based on the Qur’an, the legal framework which guides public and some private life. The dynamic body of Islamic religious law. The term means “way” or “path to the water source”
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Caliph
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God’s representative on earth
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God's original vice-regent and why?
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Adam because he was givent he ability to think and reason
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Imam for Shias*
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there are 12 imams and the last is hidden. The Imam inspires earthly Shia leaders and some believe he will return as a messianic figure. Shia leadership is vested in the imam, while not a prophet, is divinely inspired, sinless, infaliable, a religious and political leader. supposed to actually have insight into God, has blood of Muhammad in him, can lead the people in more religious areas, both prayer and political leader
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Imam for Sunnis
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applied to those who lead the congregational worships services, clergy. Sunnis believe imim is not the sole leader but just a repected member of the community
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Madhhab
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religious jurisprudence. Schools of jurisprudence teach the shariah
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Shura*
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To reach power by inheritance or might. Muslims stressed the duty of the ruler to rule by shura. Today there are shura councils such as secular, monarchiast, and clerical autocracies. In the Muslim world the community comes together to make decisions. Means consultation. assembly of tribal elders, council, successors of Muhammad get chosen in a Shura
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Mahdi*
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Means “Guided One”, and is the prophesized redeemer of Islam. It is not mentioned in the Qur’an and is disputed by Sunnis. Mahdi will change the world into a perfect and just Islamic society alongside Jesus. LIke messiah in christ or jew
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Ijma
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interpretation of god’s will is developed by a consensus
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Mulah
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A title given to Islamic clergy who are in charge of a local mosque.
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Seikh
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A higher status of Mulah. Sufi leaders are called this.
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Ayatollah
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A term that means “sign of God” is the most senior category of alim in Shia Islam, shia leaders who reach the highest stage of respect.
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quibla
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When a congregation stands in lines and is faced towards Mecca
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Salah
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worship which happens five times a day, led by the imam when preformed in a group, men and women do not mix
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Hajj
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The pilgrimage to Mecca and is the fifth pillar. Every able bodied Muslim is expected to make the journey at least one time in their life. Must dress in while traditional clothing when one is within ten kilometers of Mecca.
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Lesser Jihad
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the obligation to expand the muslim state, jihad of the sword, it is defensive warfare is the modern interpretation, no killing women, children or residential/cultivated areas, includes struggles against persecution. It is an external struggle against unbelievers.
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Greater Jihad
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struggles of each muslim against their lower tendencies of sin and disobedience, the struggle to improve oneself or society. Internal struggle, conquering the evil within.
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Sufism
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emphasism of purity of the heart and soul, there was an early fear of hell and hope of heaven. Sufism is ambivalent against orthodox islam. Mystical tradition.
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Al-Hallaj
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refused to take anyone mystic as a mentor, started his own school. Asserted idea of annihilations of self/ego, until only God remained, “I am the Truth”, 922
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Tariqas
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sufi fraternities which developed cultures of poetry and music, activities which were early on forbidden. revolve around someone who is well on their way with God
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Rumi
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A test to find God in the heart that is polished through meditation and cleansed from everything that is not Allah. It is essentially the central challenge in Sufism. Great Sufi teacher, a great poet, founded a tariqas
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Mu'tazlites
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in early islam, declared that an act is not just because God declared it so, but it is right because of the universal principle of justice
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Makruh
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what is recommended is not obligatory, a principle of action, shia leaderships is vested in the imam, while not a prophet is divinely inspired, sinless, infalliable, and religious and political leader
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haram
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forbidden, what is sacred yet deeply attractive (pork, alcohol) one of the principles of action, a taboo, we outlaw that which is most appealing
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Taqwa
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reverential fear, a deep respect for one who is superior, in time becomes friend ship
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Mujaddid
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An interpreter for each age that will restore the authentic teachings of Islam and inspire them to the straight path
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two Houses of Islam
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God revealed the laws to Muhammed and a community devoted to these laws will live in peace. The rest of the globe where these principles are not followed is designated as the “realm of war”
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Muslim Brotherhood
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founded in 1928 by Eqyption Muslim activits, Hasan al-Banna, outlawed in Egypt in 1940, involved in assassinations, often resembled a labor union. Today renounced violence and is a part of political process. Islamic socialism movement, grand appeal is that its performing social service on the streets.
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Wahhabism
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A movement in Arabia in the 18th century which destroyed shrines in Mecca and Medina. involves a literal interpretaion of the Koran
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makruh
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ie divorice, permissible but not encouraged
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haram
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completely forbidden
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taqwa
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reverential fear, direct respect towards God but a God that loves you, eventually turns to friendsip
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two houses of islam
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house of peace and house of war, those living under Muhammad's teachings are in a house of peace
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Muslim Brotherhood
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Islamic brotherhood, started by Hassan Al-Binah, Egypt, generally a political organization concerned with social welfare
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Sayyid Qutd
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came out of Muslim Brotherhood, started Islamism, (led an assassination on general Nassir?) Believers who believe uncorrectly are Jahillyah,
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