Id: Staphylococcal Infections

Front 1

What is the morphology of Staphylococcus?

Back 1

gram positive cocci, clusters, catalase positive

Front 2

Where are Staphylococcus org found?

Back 2

commensals on mucous membranes and skin, opportunistic pathogens, can survive in environment for long periods of time

Front 3

What are the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus?

Back 3

hemolysins, Protein A, Enterotoxins, Coagulase (associated with virulence), exfoliatin, TSST-1, extracellular enzumes (hyaluronidase, lipases, collagenases, fibrinolysin)

Front 4

What does exfoliatin cause?

Back 4

toxin that causes intradermal layer separation seen as "scaled skin syndrome" in infants, dogs, horses

Front 5

What is TSST-1?

Back 5

Human toxic shock syndrome toxin (rare in animals)

Front 6

What bacteria are involved in Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Back 6

Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes

Front 7

What is Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Back 7

cross-linking of MHCII and T-cell Rc results in activation of T cells in the absence of specific peptide --> causes massive release of cytokines, IL 1 and 6, and TNF alpha

Front 8

What is the end result of Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Back 8

severe systemic reaction: fever, blood clots, diarrhea, DIC, decreased blood pressure and shock

Front 9

What does Staph aureus cause in bovine, equine and porcine, and avian species?

Back 9

Bovine: mastitis, Equine and Porcine: suppurative infections, Avian: bumblefoot

Front 10

What does Staph pseudintermedius cause in dogs? Cats?

Back 10

Dog: *pyoderma, otitis, UTI, suppurative infections, Cat: otitis, UTI, suppurative infections

Front 11

What does Staph felis cause in cats?

Back 11

pyoderma and supurative infections

Front 12

What does Staph hyicus cause in pigs?

Back 12

exudative epidermitis

Front 13

What does Staph schleiferi subsp coagulans cause in dogs?

Back 13

otitis externa and pyoderma

Front 14

In what species is MRSA the biggest problem?

Back 14

major hospital acquired problem in human medicine: speticemia, pneumonia, incisioinal infections; animals may rarely carry MRSA

Front 15

What Staph can dogs and cats carry that is a possible zoonosis?

Back 15

MRSP: Staph pseudintermedius

Front 16

What is the etiologic agent of Canine Pyoderma?

Back 16

Staph pseudintermedius

Front 17

What are the three forms of pyoderma?

Back 17

Surface: stratum corneum (hot spots); Superficial: epidermis and hair follicles (superficial follicular pyoderma); Deep: epidermis, dermis, and subcutis (German shepherd deep pyoderma)

Front 18

What are some predisposing factors for pyoderma?

Back 18

allergies, ectoparasites, dermatophytosis, endocrine disturbances, trauma or foreign bodies (grass awns, collars), skin golds, seborrhea

Front 19

What is the pathogenesis of pyoderma?

Back 19

increased colonization of skin, entry into lower layers of epithelium, phagocytosis vs antiphagocytic factors of staph, formation of pustules and crusted papules, hypersenstivity to staph (recurrent pydoerma)

Front 20

How is pyoderma diagnosed?

Back 20

predisposing factors, sample a pustule or draining tract (Diff-quik or gram stain), biospy, culture

Front 21

For what types of pyoderma is culture most useful?

Back 21

recurrent or nonresponding pyoderma

Front 22

What is the treatment for surface pyoderma?

Back 22

ID and/or treat predisposing factors, topical medications: antiseptic shampoos, abx spray +/- glucocorticoids

Front 23

What is the treatment for superficial and deep pyoderma?

Back 23

systemic abx continued for 2 weeks past resolution of clinical signs (avoid penicillinase sensitive)

Front 24

What are immune modulators and how are they used for pyoderma treatment?

Back 24

used as an aid in treatment of idopathic recurrent superficial pyoderma; staphage lysate: human Staph aureus strain lysed by bacteriophage, autogenous bacterins... given in small amts over long time

Front 25

What is the most common feline Staph isolate?

Back 25

Staphylococcus felis

Front 26

What does Staph felis cause?

Back 26

pyoderma and suppurative infections in many tissues, especially skin, eyes, ears, bones, joints, and urinary tract

Front 27

What is the etiologic agent of Exudative Epidermitis of Swine? Common name of dz?

Back 27

Staphylococcus hyicus: "Greasy pig" Dz, acute, generalized dermatitis of young piglets (5-60 days old)

Front 28

What is the pathogenesis of Exudative Epidermitis of Swine?

Back 28

appears acutely in young pigs: skin thickening with reddish brown spots from which serum exudes --> becomes covered with greasy exudate; S. hyicus produces exfoliative toxin

Front 29

What is a predisposing factor for Exudative Epidermitis of Swine? Mortality?

Back 29

skin trauma is predisposing factor, sows can be carriers, mortality is high in acute dz (entire litters often affected)

Front 30

How is Greasy Pig Dz diagnosed?

Back 30

clinical signs: skin lesions with no fever, no pruritis, dead piglets

Front 31

What is the treatment and control of greasy pig dz?

Back 31

antimicrobials, topical antiseptics, tx less effective in younger pigs; control: predisposing factors, disinfection of farrowing crates, bathing of sows pre-farrowing

Front 32

What staph causes canine otitis and recurrent pyodermas and may be methicillin resistant?

Back 32

Staph schleiferi subsp. coagulans: emerging pathogen

Front 33

Is Staph aureus a zoonosis?

Back 33

NO but may be an anthropozoonosis

Front 34

Is Staph pseudintermedius a zoonosis?

Back 34

Potentially but human colonization is rare