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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give some examples of a life event.
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Death of a spouse
Divorce Marriage Marriage Beginning/End of school Vacation |
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Brown & Harris (1978)
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developed scale of Life Events &
Difficulties, administered by trained interviewers. Severity of events did not rely on standard score or just on the interviewee’s appraisal, but was assigned a score on assumptions of what most people would feel. Depression critical events: infidelity of partner, children in trouble with police, unwanted pregnancy, eviction, loss of friend or family member. Mediated by vulnerability: lack of supportive partner, long term separation / death of mother before 11; no job; 3 or more young children. |
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Hassles scale
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First note the hassles that have happened to you in the past
month. Then indicate the severity by circling a 1, 2, or 3. |
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Stress results when the perceived
demands exceed coping capacity T/F |
T
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
Two main methods to study effects of stress on immune function and illness prospectively. |
Direct challenge: sample recent life events
Wound healing: sample stress, inflict standard dermal punch wound, measure healing |
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How is immune function assessed in
PNI? |
Cell numbers
Cell activity/function Intrinsic Function |
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Some responses are measurable within 5 minutes –
increase in NK cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes – a few much slower. And most subside again rapidly. Giving an adrenoreceptor antagonist beforehand mitigates response: sympathetically mediated. Extent of response is related to - subjective ratings of stress - cardiovascular and other biological responses |
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Loss of an intimate relationship through separation
or death is associated with various signs of immunosupppression. |
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Expressive writing and health (Pennebaker)
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Task: write about emotional upheavals < 30 mins for
several days. (Control: write about impersonal topic). Effect: improved physical health; fewer visits to health centre (students); better biological markers e.g. CD4 counts. Used in treatment of AIDS, cancer, and less serious health problems, but smaller effect in ill people |
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Stress has a negative effect on physical and
psychological health, whether measured as life events, hassles, chronic stress, or traumatic events. |
The effects of stress on health are mitigated by social
support, self-esteem, and a sense of control. There are some individual level interventions to improve coping with stress, e.g. improving social support and sense of control. The most powerful interventions are at a societal level in addressing inequalities in health |
