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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Paramyxoviridae
(general) |
Family
Enveloped (w/surface projections) (-) ssRNA |
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What is the cell receptor (for viral entry) for parainfluenza viruses?
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NAMA (like influenza)
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What is the cell receptor (for viral entry) for WT measles?
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SLAM
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What is the cell receptor (for viral entry) for measles vaccine strain?
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CD46
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What is the cell receptor (for viral entry) for RSV?
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Heparin-like GAGs ono cell surface
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Paramyxoviridae
(Replication Cycle) |
Viruses gain entry into cell via cell receptors (different between genera). The capsids are assembled in the cytoplasm
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Paramyxoviridae
(Genera) |
Paramyxovirus
Rubulavirus Morbillivirys Pneumovirus Metapneumovirus |
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Paramyxovirus
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Of Paramyxoviridae (family, enveloped and (-) ssRNA)
Diseases: Parainfluenza 1/3 |
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Rubulavirus
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Of Paramyxoviridae (family, enveloped and (-) ssRNA)
DiseaseS: Parainfluenza 2/4 and Mumps |
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Morbillivirus
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Of Paramyxovirida (family, enveloped and (-) ssRNA)
Causes Measles |
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Pneumovirus
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Of Paramyxoviridae (family, enveloped and (-) ssRNA)
Diseases: RSV |
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Metapneumovirus
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Of Paramyxoviridae (family, enveloped and (-) ssRNA)
Disease: Metapneumovirus |
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Paramyxovirida
(Surface glycoproteins, general) |
Two, (1) attachment and (2) fusion
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Attachment protein: Hemagglutinating-Neuraminidase
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Parainfluenza: HN
Morbilli: H Pneumovirus/Metapneumovirus: lack both |
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Paramyxoviridae
(Fusion protein) |
Surface glycoprotein
Possessed by all members of this family Facilitates the formation of syncytia |
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Which virus causes RSV?
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RSV = Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Paramyxoviridae family (enveloped, (-)ssRNA), Pneumovirus Genus Note: name rSv, tells you the virus contains an F (fusion) protein and therefore must at least be a member of the Paramyxxovirus family |
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Which virus causes Measles?
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Morbillivirus, of Paramyxoviridae (enveloped, (-) ssRNA)
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Which virus causes Mumps?
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Rubulavirus, of Paramyxoviridae (enveloped, and (-) ssRNA)
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Parainfluenza/RSV/Metapneumovirus
(Pathogenesis) |
Transmission: Direct Contact or Droplet
SHORT INCUBATION PERIOD (<week) and surface cytocidal (virus infects/produces disease at portal of entry) |
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Mumps and Measles
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Systemic Infection (tells your it'll have a longer incubation period) w/primary target organs
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What is the primary target organ of Measles?
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The skin, following systemic infection
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What is the primary target organ of Mumps?
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The parotid glands, following systemic infection
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Which Paramyxovirus diseases are systemic?
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Mumps and Measles
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Which Paramyxovirus diseases are localized at portal of entry?
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Parainfluenza, RSV and Metapneumovirus
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Parainfluenza Virus 1/2
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Of paramyxoviridae (parainfluenza virus and rubulavirus genera, respectively)
Incidence: PIV1 > PIV2 Disease: Any acute respiratory infection in YOUNG CHILDREN, CROUP |
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Whats the common etiology of Croup?
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Parainfluenza virus 1/2
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What is croup?
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Acute respiratory disease often seen in young children, characterized by fever, runny nose, red throat and BARKING COUGH
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Parainfluenza Virus Type 3
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Genus: parainfluenza virus
Acute respiratory diseases (infancy): RSV > PIV3 (so, it's pretty common!) |
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RSV
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Respiratory Syncytial Virs
Paramyxoviridae (Pneumovirus Genus) Frequency: highest during first 2 years of life May lead to acute bronchiolitis (and possibly require hospitalization) |
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What is a severe complication of RSV infection?
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Acute Bronchioliltis (may require hospitalization)
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Human Metapneumovirus
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Of Paramyxoviridae (enveloped, and (-) ssRNA)
Incidence: Similar to RSV, more predominant in early years Complications: bronchiolitis/pneumonia |
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Immunity to mumps and measles
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LIFELONG
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Capacity for Infection
(mumps vs. measles) |
Measles is more contagious vs. mumps
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Parainfluenza and RSV
(diagnosis) |
RSV: Rapid Diagnosis w/enzyme immunoassays (routine @ hospitals)
RT-PCR prosing alternative |
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Mumps and Measles
(Diagnosis) |
Characteristic clinical illness are generally sufficient. However, serology/culture may be used for monitoring vaccines
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Which Paramyxoviruses have epidemics ever other year (vs. every year)?
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Parainfluenza 1/2
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RSV
(Prevention and Treatment) |
Prevention: anti-F antibodies
Treatment: Ribavarin (nucleoside analog that selectively inhibits viral enzymes) |
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Measles/Mumps
(Prevention) |
2X MMR vaccine at 1 and before school-entry
Immunology appears to be life-long |
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Coronaviridae
(general) |
Enveloped w/club-shaped surface projections, (+) ssRNA
Coronavirus (Genus) Types (that infect humans): OC43, 229E and one implicated in SARS |
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What is the cellular receptor for SARS?
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ACE2
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Coronaviridae
(Pathogenesis) |
Surface cytocidal (except SARS, servere LRTI and viremia)
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Coronaviridae
(Clinical Manifestations) |
Cold (20%), diarrhea (infants)
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Coronaviridae
(Diagnosis) |
Clinical symptoms
RT-RPCR |
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Does a vaccine prevent against Coronaviridae infections?
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NO! But one against SARS is in the works
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Rhabdoviridae
(general) |
Bullet-shaped
Enveloped (-) ssRNA Lyssavirus (genus) and Rabies Virus |
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Rhabdoviridae
(life cycle) |
Similar to paramyxoviridae (nucleocapsid assembly in the cytoplasm - Negri bodies)
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Negri Bodies
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Cytoplasmic inclusions present in rhaboviral infections
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Rabies
(epidemiology) |
Rampant in wild animals (mammals), spread to domestic animals and then man
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Rabies
(Pathogenesis) |
Present in saliva and transmitted via bite
Virus ascends nerve sheath to CNS Causes muslce spasms (including pharynx, hence hydrophobia) and encephalitis |
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Pathognomonic
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Characteristic/symptomatic of a particular disease (i.e. Negri bodies and rabies)
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What kills rabies patients?
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Encephalitis
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Rabies
(Prevention) |
Vaccination of domestic animals and at-risk persons
Post-exposure prophylaxis (debridement, anti-serum and vaccine - 5 rounds) RESULT? Most incidents of rabies today come from wild-animal bites |
