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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parvovirus B19
(general characteristics) |
Parvo = "Small"
Non-enveloped - resistant to heat/acid/lipid solvents and nucleases Genus Erythrovirus (of Parvoviridae) |
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Parvovirus B19
(Epidemiology) |
Worldwide, spring infections
Most common infections 5-10 years olds |
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Parvovirus
(Pathogenesis) |
Transmission: respiratory secretions
Target rapidly dividing cells (i.e. RBCs), resulting in pancytopenia Antibody response, resulting in immune complex sequelae (including rash, arthralgia/arthritis) |
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Parvovirus B19
(Clinical Manifestation) |
Erythema Infectiosum
a.k.a. Fifth Disease/Slapped Cheek Disease Rash develops a couple weeks after a non-specific viral infection (due to IC formation + arthralgia/arthritis |
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Parvovirus B19 and Pregnancy
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May be detrimental to pregnancy, resulting in congenital birth defects or loss of child
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Parvovirus B19 infection and people with underlying hemolytic anemia
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Hemolytic Anemia? i.e. Sickle Cell Anemia
The lytic infection of RBCs (recall, it's non-enveloped) causes people to go into a transient aplastic crisis |
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Transient Aplastic Crisis
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May result from a Parvovirus B19 infection in persons with underlying hemolytic anemia
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Common Childhood Exanthams
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1) Measles
2) Scarlet Fever 3) Rubella 4) Duke's 5) Erythema Infectiosum (slapped cheek) 6) Roseola |
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Parvovirus B19 Infection of the Immunocompromised
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Chronic Anemia/Pure RBC anemia
Can't clear infection, so RBCs are continually lysed |
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Parvovirus Infection
(3 clinical outcomes) |
Fifth Disease
Transient Aplastic Anemia Chronic Anemia |
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Parvovirus B19
(Diagnosis) |
B19 DNA
Detection of IgM or rising IgG B19-antibody titers |
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Parvovirus B19
(at-risk groups) |
Underlying hemolytic anemia
Pregnant Immunodeficient |
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Poxviruses
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Brick-like
Enveloped, dsDNA 4 genera (all have pox in their name) Ortoho/para/yata/molluscipoxvirus |
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Poxvirus Infections
(2 general forms) |
1) Localized (through broken skin, local infection w/possible lymphotogenous spread and adenopathy)
2) Generalized (through lungs, hematogeouos spread to other organs. 2ndary viremia spreads to skin) |
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Orthopoxvirus
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Genus, of Pox viral family (therefore, large, brick-like, enveloped and dsDNA)
Contains smallpox, cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia |
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Smallpox
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Resevoir: humans
Spread: direct-contact or droplets Incidence: eradicated |
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Vaccinia
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Virus used for smallpox vaccine!
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Monkeypox
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Of orthopoxvirus genus (therefore, dsDNA, enveloped, brick-like and huge)
Found in west/central Africa |
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What is the Monkeypox resevoir?
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RODENTS, not monkeys!
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Poxvirus
(Diagnosis) |
Guarnieri Bodies
Electron microscopy and culture |
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Guarnieri Bodies
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Cytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusions found in Poxvirus Infections
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Adenoviridae
(general) |
Non-enveloped
dsDNA |
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Adenoviridae
(Epidemiology) |
Worldwide distribution
Most commonly occur in childhood |
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Adenoviridae
(Transmission) |
Airborne
Direct contact (incl. fomites) Fecal-oral Waterborne (VARIES BY TYPE) |
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Adenoviridae and Cancer
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NO PROVEN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADENOCVIRUSES AND CANCER (eventhouogh oncogenic under certain experimental conditions)
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Adenoviridae and Military Recruits
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Serotypes 4 & 7 implicated with acute respiratory disease/pneumonia
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What Serotypes are implicated in Adenovirus-induced pneumonia? And, what age group is predominantly affected?
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4 & 7
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Adenovirus
(Treatment and Prevention) |
Oral live virus vaccine (4 & 7) used in military recruts
Infection control measures Cidofovir/donor leukocyte infusions (BMT patients) |
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Adenoviridae
(Pathogenesis) |
Localized infection at portal of entry with possible systemic spread
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Papilloma/Polyomaviridae
(general) |
Recently classified as two family
small, non-enveloped circular dsDNA |
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Polyomaviruses
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Worldwide distributoion
Asymptomatic infections acquired ealry in childhood JC/BK persist in kidneys |
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JC/BK
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Polyomaviruses that persist in the kidney
Majority of polyomavirus have acute, asymptomatic infections that are generally acquired in childhood |
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Papillomaviruses
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Worldwide distribution of unkown prevalence (obviously)
MOST COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED VIRUSES |
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Polyomaviruses
(pathogenesis) |
Respiratory transmission, unknown incubation period
Lytic/persistent infection (it's DNA) NOTE: viral protein (T antigen) drives cell into S phase! |
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BK Virus
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Of papillomaviridae
(therefore, small, non-enveloped and circular dsDNA) Persists in the kidney and doesn't become a problem till you're immunosuppressed (i.e. KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS/AIDS) |
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
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Differential Diagnosis includes opportunistic infections
In Immunocompromized hosts, *JC* becomes reactivated and causes a rapidly progressing, terminal leukoencephalopathy |
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Treating PML in the AIDS patient
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HAART may stimulate PML regression
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Papillomavirus Infection
(Treatment) |
Removal: Surgery/Caustic Agents
Interferons Imiquimod (topical cream) |
