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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arboviruses
(general) |
Arthropod-Borne
Arthropod-Wild Animal Cycle w/occasional introduction to domestic animals or man |
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Arboviruses
(presenting symptoms) |
CNS/febrile/hemorrhagic disease
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Arthropod Vectors
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Mosquitos, ticks, flies, etc
Most viruses spread by 1/2 species of arthropod (selectivity) |
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Encephalitis Viruses
(general) |
Resevoir: Birds
Spread by MOSQUITOS, and therefore SEASONAL outbreaks (late summer) |
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Encephalitis
(clinical presentation) |
ICEBERG EFFECT
Fever, Headache, Vomiting (b/c increased intracranial pressure) but minimal stiff neck |
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Q: Why does encephalitis present w/a minimally stiff neck (vs. meningitis)?
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Encephalitis reflecs the viral preference for brain tissue vs. the meninges. The clinical presentatioon of meningitis is a stiff neck.
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Why is "stiff neck" a clinical presentation of meningitis?
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Inflammation of the meninges extends down spinal cord. Looking down (toward stomach) particularly stretches this inflammed tissue, resulting in profound dorsal neck pain
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Encephalitis
(outcome) |
Substantial percentage have decreased IQ/learning disorders
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Encephalitis
(Laboratory Diagnosis) |
LP, with CSF exam
(1) Elevated pressure (2) 50-200 WBC (majority are lymphocytes) (3) Low - normal sugar (4) Modestly elevated - normal protein Imaging studies provide little, additional information |
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Encephalitis
(Etiology Diagnosis) |
Viruses rarely in CSF
Identify in brain tissue via culture/immunofluorescence PAIRED SERA W/RISING AB (IgM likely diagnostic) |
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Encephalitis
(Treatment) |
NONE!
Possibly interferon? |
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Togaviridae
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Lipid-enveloped (think TOGA)
(+) ssRNA (polyA and 5' cap) TAR: Togaviridae, Alphavirus and Rubivirus |
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Alphavirus
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Togaviridae genus
Arbovirus (mosquito-borne) New world viruses: Eastern/Western/Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis |
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Rubivirus
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Rubella
(Person-to-person) Vaccine available and congenitial defects if contract during pregnancy |
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Flaviviridae
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Family
(+) ssRNA w/5' cap BUT NO POLY A (distinguishes it from Togaviridae) 3 genera: Flavivirus, Hepacivirus, Pestivirus |
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Flavivirus
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Geneus of Flaviviridae
Flavum = YELLOW So, think "yellow fever", then Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis (all very common illness when traveling abroad) Also, TBE and Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever |
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Japanese Encephalitis Group
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Part of Flavivirus genus
Includes, JE, West Nile, SLE (most common E in eldery @ home) and Murray Valley |
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What 5 disease groups constitute genus Flavivirus?
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JE group, Yellow Fever, Dengue, TBE and Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever
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Pestivirus
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Genus
Of Flaviviridae, therefore (+)ssRNA w/5'cap and NO POLY A tail Diarrhea in animals/man? |
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Hepacivirus
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Of Flaviviridae, therefore (+)ssRNA w/5' cap and NO POLY A tail
Causes Hepatitis C |
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Diagnosing Flaviridae Infection?
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Serology
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Bunyaviridia
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Think Cal LaCrosse player w/a bunion
Lipid-enveloped (-) ssRNA, segmented (3) |
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Bunyaviridae Genera
(which infect man) |
Bunyavirus (LaCrosse/California Encephalitis)
Nairovirus Phleobovirus Hantavirus (Sin Nombre) |
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Sin Nombre Virus
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Hantavirus, of Bunyaviridae
(-) ssRNA, segmented (3) 4 Corners Outbreak (in young adults) Fulminant Flu-like disease, high WBC, w/respiratory failure/death Rodent resevoir, |
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Bunyaviridae
(Laboratory Diagnosis) |
Serology
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Arenaviridae
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"Sand-like" appearance on EM
Lipid-enveloped, AMBISENSE ssRNA (2 segments) Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Lassa Fever (endemic West African virus) Both viruses are carried in rodents and transferred to humans via excrement |
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Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
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Prodrome: Fever, Myalgia, Headahce
Then 1-3 weeks later, meningitis |
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Arenaviridae
(Diagnosis) |
Serology, Culture, RT-PCR
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Lassa Fever
(treatment) |
Of Arenaviridae
Tells you, ssRNA AMBISENSE, lipid-enveloped and in 2 segments Treatment? Ribavirin |
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Ribavirin
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Used to treat Lassa Fever (endemic Arenaviridae virus of West Africa)
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Filoviridae
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Filo = Filament
Think of that classical EM of the "Shepherd's Staff" (-) ssRNA, lipid-enveloped 2 genera: Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus |
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Marburgvirus
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Genus
Of Filoviridae (tells you (-) ssRNA, lipid-enveloped and filamentous) |
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Ebola Virus
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4 species, including Zaire Virus and "____ ebolavirus"
Of Filoviridae, tells you (-)ssRNA with lipid-envelope |
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Filoviridae
(Clinical Characteristics) |
HEMORRHAGIC FEVER w/HIGH incidence of Mortality
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Filoviridae
(Laboratory Diagnosis) |
Antigen Detection
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