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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanical host defenses
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Epithelial barriers
Fluid flow |
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Innate host defenses
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Defensins, lysozyme, lactoferrin
Phagocytic cells NK cells TLR-responsive cells Complement |
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Adaptive immune defenses
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Antibody
Cell-mediated |
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Neutrophil host defense
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Extracellular bacteria
Fungi |
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Macrophage host defense
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Intracellular bacteria
Fungi |
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NK cell host defense
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Viruses
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Complement host defense
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Extracellular bacteria
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Cell-mediated host defense
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Intracellular bacteria
Viruses Fungi |
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Antibody
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Extracellular bacteria
Viruses Fungi Parasites (IgE) |
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Physical or mechanical barrier defect - organisms
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Staph aureus
Streptococci Pseudomonas Aspergillus Candida |
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Phagocyte defect
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Staph aureus
Strep pyogenes Haemophilus influenza Klebsiella and E coli Pseudomonas Bacteroides Nocardia Aspergillus Candida |
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Complement defect
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Neisseria
Strep pneumo Pseudomonas |
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T cell defect
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CMV, HSV, VZV
Listeria, mycobacteria, nocardia Candida, aspergillus, cryptococcus, histoplasma, pneumocystis |
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B cell defect
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Enteroviruses
Strep pneumo Haemophilus Neisseria meningitidis Staph aureus Pneumocystis Giardia |
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Etiology of immune deficiency
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Congenital
Acquired |
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Acquired causes of immune deficiency
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Chemotherapy
Steroids TNF inhibitors HIV, malignancy, or diabetes Transplantation Burns Malnutrition |
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Cancer chemotherapy - risk factors for infection
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Severity
Acuity of onset Longer duration |
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Cancer chemotherapy - immune defect
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Neutropenia
From drugs, autoimmune destruction, and suppressed bone marrow |
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Cancer chemotherapy - treatment
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Empiric antibiotics at onset of fever
Antipseudomonal - ceftazidime, cefepime,carbapenems, piperacillin Vancomycin for MRSA Anaerobic coverage if oropharyngeal or intra-abdominal |
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Cancer chemotherapy - organisms
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Staph
Pseudomonas |
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Solid organ transplant - pre-transplant risk factors
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Underlying diseases or comorbidities
Organ - highest in lung and liver, next in heart and kidney Previous exposure Age |
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Solid organ transplant - intra-operative risk factors
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Duration of surgery
Complications Exposure to blood products |
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Solid organ transplant - post-transplant risk factors
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Immunosuppression
Catheters Nosocomial infections |
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Solid organ transplant - early risk period
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First month
Defects in mucosal barriers and nosocomial exposure Catheter-associated Pneumonia UTI C difficile colitis |
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Solid organ transplant - immunosuppressive period
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1-6 months
T cell defects - DNA viruses, especially CMV Opportunistic fungi TB Toxoplasmosis |
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Solid organ transplant - late period
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More than 6 months
Some have persistent T cell deficits |
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Bone marrow transplant - defects
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Everything but complement
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Bone marrow transplant - pre-engraftment period
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Chemotherapy causes neutropenia
Bacteria, candida, aspergillus, and mold infection |
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Bone marrow transplant - early post-engraftment risk factors
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Lymphopenia
Splenic dysfunction CVC GVHD |
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Bone marrow transplant - early post-engraftment period infections
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CMV - highest risk if recipient is seropositive, donor negative
Respiratory viruses Aspergillus |
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Bone marrow transplant - late post-engraftment
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Chronic GVHD
VZV Bacteria |
