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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Category A diseases
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Anthrax
Smallpox Tularemia Plague Botulism Viral hemorrhagic fever |
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Cutaneous painless papule that becomes bullous and ulcerates
Turns black, then heals without a scar |
Cutaneous anthrax
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1-7 day incubation
Widened mediastinum Prodrome - fever, chills, malaise, dry cough, nausea and vomiting Fulminant shock, sepsis, DIC, and meningitis |
Inhalational anthrax
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Cutaneous anthrax - epidemiology
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Most common
Low fatality Localized |
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GI anthrax - epidemiology
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Severe
From eating raw meat |
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Inhalational anthrax
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High fatality
Bioterrorism |
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Anthrax - biology
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Gram positive bacillus
Inert spores in environment |
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Inhalational anthrax - pathogenesis
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Spores inhaled
Phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages Germinate in mediastinal lymph nodes |
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Anthrax - diagnosis
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Blood culture
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Anthrax - treatment
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Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline Supportive care |
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Prodrome - 3-5 days of high fever, headache, and backache
Eruptive rash - macule, then papule, then raised, then pustular and umbilicated Permanent scarring Umbilical pattern involving head, extremities, and face, while sparing trunk Lesions in same part of body about same age |
Smallpox
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Smallpox - epidemiology
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12-14 day incubation period
Person to person or airborne spread |
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Smallpox - diagnosis
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EM
Culture PCR |
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Smallpox - treatment
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Supportive
Airborne and droplet isolation Vaccine |
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Lesion at site of inoculation
Pus-filled buboes in lymph nodes Rapid unilateral pneumonia with hemoptysis |
Plague
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Yersinia pestis - epidemiology
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Zoonosis of rats, prairie dogs, and cats
Flea vector Southwestern US |
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Yersinia pestis - pathogenesis
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Flea bites
Direct contact with infected animals Pneumonic form - person to person via droplet or aerosol |
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Yersinia pestis - complications
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Septicemia
Acral gangrene DIC |
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Yersinia pestis - diagnosis
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Sputum culture
Bubo aspirate |
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Yersinia pestis - treatment
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Aminoglycosides - streptomycin, gentamicin
Doxycycline Fluoroquinolones |
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3-5 day incubation
Fever, chills, and low back pain Ulcer at site of inoculation Proximal lymphadenopathy Many forms |
Francisella tularensis
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Francisella tularensis - epidemiology
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Gram negative coccobacillus
Focus in central US Reservoir in small mammals (rabbits) Deer fly or tick vector From direct contact or ingestion of animals |
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Francisella tularensis - diagnosis
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Serology
Cultures |
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Francisella tularensis - treatment
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Aminoglycoside
Doxycycline Cipro |
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Zoonoses - transmission
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Direct contact - animal bites or skin
Indirect - aerosol Ingestion of contaminated food or water Arthropod intermediate |
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20-90 day incubation
Prodromal flu-like illness Encephalitis or paralysis After animal bite |
Rabies
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Rabies - zoonosis
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Wild animals and bats
Dogs and cats |
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Rabies - organisms
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Eikenella
Staph aureus Pasteurella Rhabdovirus - replicates in dorsal root ganglion |
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Rabies - diagnosis
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Saliva
Neck biopsy Serum/CSF serology |
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Rabies - treatment
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Amoxacillin/clavulanate
Ribavirin Amantadine Prophylaxis - wound care, IVIG, vaccine |
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Vesicle or papule
Painful lymphadenitis High fever Encephalopathy Cat scratch |
Bartonella
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Bartonella - epidemiology
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Gram negative bacillus
Cat reservoir |
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Bartonella - diagnosis
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PCR
Serology |
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Bartonella - treatment
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Azithromycin
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Acute flu-like illness, atypical pneumonia
Chronic endocarditis and osteomyelitis Contact with cattle, sheep, or goats |
Q fever (coxiella burnetii)
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Coxiella burnetii - zoonosis
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Cattle
Sheep Goats |
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Coxiella burnetii - treatment
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Acute - doxycycline
Chronic - doxycycline and rifampin |
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Fever, sweats, and malaise
Depression Malodorous sweat Bone and joint involvement Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products |
Brucelliosis
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Brucelliosis - zoonosis
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Cattle, sheep, and goats
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Brucelliosis - pathogenesis
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Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
Aerosolized cow placenta Urine contact |
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Brucelliosis - diagnosis
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Culture
Serology |
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Brucelliosis - treatment
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Doxycycline and aminoglycoside or rifampin for 6 weeks
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Fever, headache, dry cough
Pneumonia with lower lobe consolidation Bird contact |
Psittacosis
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Psittacosis - zoonosis
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Birds
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Psittacosis - diagnosis
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Serology and culture
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Psittacosis - treatment
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Doxycycline
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