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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Colonization
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Presence and multiplication of microorganisms without tissue invasion or damage.
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Carrier
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someone who is colonized and transmits the microorganism to others
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Infection
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Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, especially that causing local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response.
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Disease:
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Interaction between host and organism causes damage to the human host
Tissue invasion, Immune Response, or Toxins |
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Commensal
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Symbiotic relationship in which one organism derives benefit and the other is unharmed
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Pathogen
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: an agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism such as a bacterium, parasite, virus, or fungus
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Strict Pathogen
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Organism is always associated with disease
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Opportunistic Pathogen
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: Infection by an organism that does not ordinarily cause disease but becomes pathogenic under certain circumstances (e.g., introduction into normally sterile sites, impaired immune responses)
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Nosocomial Pathogen
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Associated with being treated in a hospital but unrelated to the patient's primary condition. (e.g., multiply-resistant bacteria)
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Benefits of normal flora
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Nutrient production/processing
Vitamin K production by E. coli Competition with pathogenic microbes GI tract, Vagina Normal development of the immune system |
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interpretation of ostive culture should take into account
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presumed sterility of the colelction site
normal flora of any area that is breached to access the collection site pathogen status of the organism clincal status of the patient |
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Clostridium difficile
Virulence Factor |
Enterotoxin (toxin A)
Cytokine release, PMN attractant Cytotoxin (toxin B) Destruction of cytoskeleton / actin |
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Hypervirulent Strain – 2003 NAP1/BI/027
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Resistant to quinolones
Seen with quinolone exposure |
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Can Listeria monocytogenes survive at low temperatures?
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YES
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How is Listeria monocytogenes ingested?
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Raw food
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Whats the major disease manifestation of Listeria monocytogenes?
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Menigitis
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What is the treatment of Listeria monocytogenes infection?
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Ampicillin, gentamicin
Meningitis therapy: if concerned for listeria, MUST add ampicillin to traditional antibiotics |
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IS Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae associated with animals?
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YES
Animals (zoonotic) Swine Turkey Fish Soil/organic matter Clinical Manifestation: cellulitis (erysipeloid) Tx: Penicillin |
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Whats the clinical manifestation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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Celluitis
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Legionella species manifests as.....
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Major Disease manifestation: Pneumonia
L. pneumophilia type 1: ~50% of isolates |
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What is the Environmental reservoir:
of Legionella? |
Aerosolized Water (cooling towers, water systems, A/C
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What is the treatment of Legionella infections
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Quinolone
Macrolide RESISTANT to many ABX |
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Otther disease assciated with Legionella
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Pontiac Fever
?Inhalation of antigens/endotoxin (not actual infection) Flu-like illness “Sick building |
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What is the typical clinical manfestation of Diphtheria – C. diphtheriae
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Typical manifestation: Pharyngeal Infection
(Gray patches) |
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What is the treatment of– C. diphtheriae
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ERYTHROMYCIN/PENICILLIN
ANTITOXIN Prevention: TD, dT, TdAP Vaccination to toxoid not organism |
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What does the Corynebacterium jeikeium like to live?
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Indwelling Devices
Like a portacath |
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Nocardia vs. Actinomyces
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Nocardia is acid-fast
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Nocardia treatment:
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TMP/SMX
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Bordetella virulence factor..
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Pertussis toxin
Causes: Whooping Cough |
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HACEK
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Haemophilus species
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Cardiobacterium hominis Eikenella corrodens Kingella species |
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HACEK causes
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Endocarditis
Eikonella coordens (Barfight) |
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HACEK treatment
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3rd gen ceph
Ampicillin-sulbactam or floroquinolones |
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Capnocytophaga Canimorsus
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Carbon dioxide eating
causes Bacteremia, septicemia (in alcoholics or people without spleen) Associated with dog bites |
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Mycoplama & Ureaplasma
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‘”Atypical” pneumonia"
Therapy: Macrolides (Erythromycin), Tetracycline |
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Ureaplasma
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M. Genetalium
-Non-GC urethritis/ PID U. urealyticum -Non-GC urethritis -Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) -Spontaneous abortion |
