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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clinical syndromes - rhinovirus
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Common cold
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Clinical syndromes - coronavirus
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Common cold
Croup SARS |
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Clinical syndromes - adenovirus
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Pharyngitis
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Clinical syndromes - parainfluenza virus
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Laryngitis
Croup |
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Clinical syndromes - influenza virus
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Influenza
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Clinical syndromes - RSV
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Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia |
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Clinical syndromes - human metapneumovirus
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Bronchiolitis
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Respiratory viruses - epidemiology
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Small children more prone - less immunity, crowding
Variable severity |
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Respiratory viruses - complications
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Bacterial superinfections - otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia
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Nasal stuffiness
Runny nose Sneezing Sore throat Low-grade fever Duration <1 week |
Rhinovirus
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Rhinovirus - epidemiology
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Fall and spring peaks
Mostly in children Transmission via nasal secretions |
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Rhinovirus - pathogenesis
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Infects respiratory epithelial cells - non-cytopathic
Secretions caused by mediators - bradykinin, histamine, interleukins, prostaglandins Obstructs sinus drainage |
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Rhinovirus - complications
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Sinusitis
Otitis Exacerbates asthma and chronic lung disease |
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Rhinovirus - diagnosis
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Cell culture
PCR |
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Rhinovirus - treatment
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Symptomatic
First generation anti-histamines NSAIDs |
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High temperature
Malaise Cough Sore throat Muscle aches Lasts several days |
Influenza
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Influenza - virology
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Type A - H and N subtypes
Replicates in nucleus of infected cells Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface proteins Segmented genome |
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Antigenic shift
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Complete change in H or N subtype due to reassortment
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Antigenic drift
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Change in antigenicity of H or N due to point mutation
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Influenza - epidemiology
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Peaks in November to March
Highly contagious Airborne transmission Significant impact on communities |
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Influenza - pathogenesis
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Cytopathic infection of respiratory cells
Damage to respiratory mucosa Many inflammatory mediators Bacterial superinfection with pneumonial bacteria |
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Influenza - diagnosis
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Viral culture - nose, throat, and sputum samples
Antigen detection |
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Influenza - treatment
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Amantadine
Neuraminidase inhibitors Vaccines |
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Amantadine
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Acts on M2 protein to block viral uncoating
Effective only against type A Resistance in H3N2 strains |
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Neuraminidase inhibitors
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Zanamimvir and oseltamivir
Must be started within 48 hours or as prophylaxis H1N1 resistance to oseltamivir |
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Vaccines
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Reformulated yearly
Targeted to children and adults over 50 |
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Bronchiolitis - low-grade fever, cough, shortness of breath
Pneumonia Non-specific upper respiratory infection Apnea in young children Severe illness in children with cardiac or pulmonary disease |
RSV
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RSV - epidemiology
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Yearly peaks starting around November
All children infected within first 2 years of life Transmitted by contaminated secretions and droplet nuclei |
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RSV - pathogenesis
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Infection of lower tract epithelial cells
Active inflammation causes obstruction |
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RSV - risk factors
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Congenital heart disease
Chronic lung disease Immunodeficiency Prematurity Age <6 weeks Neurologic or metabolic disease Major congenital abnormalities |
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RSV - diagnosis
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Antigen detection
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RSV - treatment
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Supportive - oxygen, hydration, mechanical ventilation
Ribavirin for severely immunocompromised patients |
