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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anaerobic infections - pathogenesis
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Mucosal barrier breakdown and entry into normal sterile sites
Suppuration and abscess formation Tissue destruction and gas formation Most infections are chronic and polymicrobial |
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Anaerobic infections - mouth reservoirs
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Gram positives
Most are penicillin sensitive |
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Anaerobic infections - mouth diseases
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Sinusitis
Otitis Dental abscess Spread to neck spaces Lung abscess of empyema from oral aspiration Solitary brain abscess from sinusitis or otitis |
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Anaerobic infections - GI organisms
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Bacteroides
Fusobacterium Clostridium Peptostreptococcus |
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Anaerobic infections - GI infections
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Peritonitis
Appendicitis Abdominal abscess |
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Anaerobic infections - vaginal organisms
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Bacteroides
Fusobacterium Clostridium Prevotella |
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Anaerobic infections - vaginal infections
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PID
Bacterial vaginosis Tuboovarian abscess Septic abortion |
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Anaerobic infections - gram negative organisms
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Bacteroides
Prevotella Porphyromonous Fusobacterium |
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Anaerobic infections - gram positive organisms
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Peptostreptococcus
Clostridium Actinomyces |
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Anaerobic infections - isolation
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Blood, aspirate, pus, or deep tissue specimens
Anaerobic transport media No susceptibility testing |
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Anaerobic infections - risk factors
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Lowered blood supply:
Trauma Shock Surgery Vascular disease Foreign body Bowel perforation or amnionitis |
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Adjacent to mucosal surface
Foul smelling discarge Necrotic or gangrenous tissue Free gas in tissue |
Anaerobic infection
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Anaerobic infections - head and neck complications
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Dental infections with rotting teeth
Gingivitis Mandibular or deep neck space abscesses - Ludwig's angina (cellulitis of deep neck space) |
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Anaerobic infections - head and neck organisms
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Prevotella
Peptostreptococcus Fusobacterium |
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Anaerobic infections - head and neck treatment
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Ampicillin/clavulanate
Clindamycin |
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Anaerobic infections - CNS complications
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Solitary brain abscess
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Anaerobic infections - CNS treatment
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Drain if large
Metranidazole |
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Anaerobic infections - pulmonary complications
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Lung abscess
Necrotizing pneumonia Empyema |
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Anaerobic infections - pulmonary organisms
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Mouth anaerobes
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Anaerobic infections - pulmonary treatment
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Clindamycin
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Anaerobic infections - intra-abdominal complications
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Peritonitis
Abscess |
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Anaerobic infections - pelvic complications
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PID
Tuboovarian abscess Bacterial vaginosis Actinomycosis with IUDs |
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Anaerobic infections - pelvic treatment
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Cefoxotin plus doxycycline
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Anaerobic infections - skin and soft tissue complications
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Gas gangrene
Necrotizing fascitis Diabetic ulcer |
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Anaerobic infections - skin and soft tissue treatment
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Aggressive debridement
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Anaerobic infections - antibiotics
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Unasyn/Augmentin/Zosyn
Carbapenems Cefoxitin Metronidazole Clindamycin |
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Anaerobic infections - adjunctive therapy
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Surgical drainage
Debridement of necrotic tissue Aspiration or drainage of lung abscesses |
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Non-spore forming gram negative bacillus
Colon flora Produces beta lactamases |
Bacteroides
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Long thin gram negative anaerobe
Associated with oral, lung, and brain infection Lemierre syndrome - lateral pharyngeal space infection with septic thrombophlebitis of jugular vein |
Fusobacterium
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Gram positive spore forming anaerobe
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis 5-10 days after antibiotics |
Clostridium difficile
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Clostridium difficile - pathogenesis
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Ingested into colon
Toxin-mediated injury |
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Clostridium difficile - complications
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Fulminant colitis
Perforation Toxic megacolon |
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Clostridium difficile - treatment
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Metranidazole
Oral vancomycin |
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Gas gangrene, necrotizing fascitis, and myonecrosis
Found in soil and stool |
Clostridium perfringens
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Clostridium perfringens - treatment
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Aggressive debridement
Penicillin plus clindamycin |
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Failure of NMJ transmission
Spasms CNS toxin |
Clostridium tetani
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Food poisoning
Descending paralysis by blocking ACh release |
Clostridium botulinum
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Clostridium botulinum - treatment
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Supportive care
Antitoxin |
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Gram positive branching bacillus
Chronic indolent infection Can eat through tissue planes |
Actinomyces
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Actinomyces - treatment
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High dose penicillin
Doxycycline Clindamycin |
