Icnd1 Chapters 1-5

Front 1

_______ defines how to deliver IP packets over the entire tripfrom the original device that creates the packet, to the device that needs to receive thepacket.

Back 1

The TCP/IP network layer (Layer 3)

Front 2

________ concerns itself with the logical details, instead of physical details, of delivering data.

Back 2

IP

Front 3

_______ work together to perform IP routing.

Back 3

Routers and end-user computers (called hosts in a TCP/IP network)

Front 4

The host operating system (OS) has TCP/IP software, including the software that implements _________.

Back 4

the network layer

Front 5

The term _______ is sometimes used to refer to the routing process.

Back 5

path selection

Front 6

Each router keeps an IP routing table. This table lists IP address groupings, called _______.

Back 6

IP networks and IP subnets.

Front 7

______ dynamically learns the data-link address of an IP host connected to a LAN.

Back 7

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Front 8

If a device wants to communicate using TCP/IP, it needs an IP address. When the device hasan IP address and the appropriate software and hardware, it can send and receive IP packets.Any device that has at least one interface with an IP address can send and receive IP packetsand is called an _______.

Back 8

IP host

Front 9

________ gets roughly half of the IPv4 address space, with all DDN numbers that begin with1–126.

Back 9

Class A

Front 10

_________ gets one-fourth of the address space, with all DDN numbers that begin with128–191.

Back 10

Class B

Front 11

_________ gets one-eighth of the address space, with all numbers that begin with 192–223.

Back 11

Class C

Front 12

_________ defines multicast addresses, used to send one packet to multiple hosts, with numbers that begin with 224–239.

Back 12

Class D

Front 13

______ defines experimental addresses, with numbers that begin with 240–255.

Back 13

Class E

Front 14

Hosts use some simple routing logic when choosing where to send a packet. If you assume the design uses subnets (which is typical), this two-step logic is as follows:

Back 14

1. If the destination IP address is in the same IP subnet as I am, send the packet directly tothat destination host.

2. Otherwise, send the packet to my default gateway, also known as a default router. (Thisrouter has an interface on the same subnet as the host.)

Front 15

TCP/IP needs a way to let a computer find the IP address used by the listed hostname, andthat method uses the _______.

Back 15

Domain Name System (DNS)

Front 16

TCP/IP defines the ________ as the method by which any host orrouter on a LAN can dynamically learn the MAC address of another IP host or router on thesame LAN.

Back 16

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Front 17

The primary tool for testing basic network connectivity is the ping command. ping (PacketInternet Groper) uses the ______, sending a messagecalled an ______ echo request to another IP address. The computer with that IP addressshould reply with an _______.

Back 17

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

ICMP

ICMP echo reply

Front 18

Which of the following are functions of OSI Layer 3 protocols? (Choose two answers.)

Back 18

A. Logical addressing

C. Path selection

Front 19

Imagine that PC1 needs to send some data to PC2, and PC1 and PC2 are separated by several routers. Both PC1 and PC2 sit on different Ethernet LANs. What are the largest entities (in size) that make it from PC1 to PC2? (Choose two answers.)

A. Frame

B. Segment

C. Packet

D. L5 PDU

E. L3 PDU

F. L1 PDU

Back 19

C. Packet

E. L3 PDU

Front 20

Which of the following is a valid Class C IP address that can be assigned to a host?

A. 1.1.1.1

B. 200.1.1.1

C. 128.128.128.128

D. 224.1.1.1

E. 223.223.223.255

Back 20

B. 200.1.1.1

Front 21

What is the assignable range of values for the first octet for Class A IP networks?

A. 0to127

B. 0to126

C. 1to127

D. 1 to126

E. 128 to 191

F. 128 to 192

Back 21

D. 1 to126

Front 22

PC1 and PC2 are on two different Ethernet LANs that are separated by an IP router. PC1’sIP address is 10.1.1.1, and no subnetting is used. Which of the following addresses couldbe used for PC2? (Choose two answers.)

A. 10.1.1.2

B. 10.2.2.2

C. 10.200.200.1

D. 9.1.1.1

E. 225.1.1.1

F. 1.1.1.1

Back 22

D. 9.1.1.1

F. 1.1.1.1

Front 23

Imagine a network with two routers that are connected with a point-to-point HDLC serial link. Each router has an Ethernet, with PC1 sharing the Ethernet with Router1 and PC2sharing the Ethernet with Router2. When PC1 sends data to PC2, which of the following, what happens?

Back 23

Router1 strips the Ethernet header and trailer off the frame received from PC1, never to be used again.

Front 24

Which of the following does a router normally use when making a decision about routingTCP/IP packets?

Back 24

C. Destination IP address

Front 25

Which of the following are true about a LAN-connected TCP/IP host and its IP routing(forwarding) choices?

Back 25

B. The host sends packets to its default gateway if the destination IP address is in a different class of IP network than the host.

C. The host sends packets to its default gateway if the destination IP address is in a different subnet than the host.

Front 26

Which of the following are functions of a routing protocol? (Choose two answers.)

Back 26

A. Advertising known routes to neighboring routers

C. Learning routes, and putting those routes into the routing table, for routes advertised to the router by its neighboring routers

Front 27

A company implements a TCP/IP network, with PC1 sitting on an Ethernet LAN. Which of the following protocols and features requires PC1 to learn information from someother server device?

Back 27

C. DNS

Front 28

The key difference between TCP and UDP is that _____.

Back 28

TCP provides error recovery, but to do so, it consumes more bandwidth anduses more processing cycles.

UDP does not perform error recovery, but it takes less bandwidth and uses fewer process-ing cycles.

Front 29

Multiplexing relies on a concept called a socket. A socket consists of three things:

Back 29

1. An IP Address

2. A transport protocol

3. A port number

Front 30

_____ numbers are a vital part of the socket concept. Well-known _____ numbers are usedby servers; other ____ numbers are used by clients. Applications that provide a service,such as FTP, Telnet, and web servers, open a socket using a well-known port and listen forconnection requests.

Back 30

Port

Front 31

_____ occurs before any of the other TCP features can begintheir work. ______ refers to the process of initializing sequence andacknowledgment fields and agreeing on the port numbers used.

Back 31

TCP connection establishment

Connection establishment

Front 32

TCP establishes and terminates connections between the endpoints, whereas UDP does not.Many protocols operate under these same concepts, so the terms _____ and ______ are used to refer to the general idea of each.

Back 32

connection-oriented

connectionless

Front 33

______ is a protocol that requires an exchange of messages beforedata transfer begins or that has a required pre-established correlation between two end-points.

Back 33

Connection-oriented protocol

Front 34

______ is a protocol that does not require an exchange of messages and that does not require a pre-established correlation between two endpoints.

Back 34

connectionless protocol

Front 35

Today’s TCP/IP internetworks support many types of applications, and each type hasdifferent _______ requirements

Back 35

Quality of Service (QoS)

Front 36

QoS in general defines the quality of the data transfer between two applications andin the network as a whole. QoS often breaks down these qualities into four competingcharacteristics:

Back 36

Bandwidth: The volume of bits per second needed for the application to work well; it maybe biased with more volume in one direction, or balanced.

Delay: The amount of time it takes one IP packet to go from sender to receiver.

Jitter: The variation in delay.

Loss: The percentage of packets discarded by the network before they reach the destination, which when using TCP, requires a retransmission.

Front 37

Today’s TCP/IP internetworks support many types of applications, and each type hasdifferent QoS requirements. Three general categories of applications are:

Back 37

batch, interactive, and real time.

Front 38

______ applications focus more on the bandwidth between two software processes.

Back 38

Batch

Front 39

______ data applications usually have a human user at one end of a ow, and the IPpackets must ow in both directions for meaningful work to happen. For example, theuser takes some action, sending a packet to a server; before the user sees more data on thescreen, the server must send a packet back. So, the delay and jitter have a big impact on theuser experience.

Back 39

Interactive

Front 40

______ applications, such as voice and video, require low delay, low jitter, and low loss.

Back 40

Real-time

Front 41

The browser user can identify a web page when you click something on a web page or whenyou enter a ______ —often called a web address and sometimes a_______ —in the browser’s address area.

Back 41

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Front 42

Which of the following is not a feature of a protocol that is considered to match OSI Layer 4?

A. Error recovery

B. Flow control

C. Segmenting of application data

D. Conversion from binary to ASCII

Back 42

D. Conversion from binary to ASCII

Front 43

Which of the following header fields identify which TCP/IP application gets data received by the computer? (Choose two answers.)

A. Ethernet Type

B. SNAP Protocol Type

C. IP Protocol

D. TCP Port Number

E. UDP Port Number

Back 43

D. TCP Port Number E. UDP Port Number

Front 44

Which of the following are typical functions of TCP? (Choose four answers.)

A Flow Control (windowing)

B Error recovery

C Multiplexing using port numbers

D Routing

E Encryption

F Ordered data transfer

Back 44

A Flow Control (windowing)

B Error recovery

C Multiplexing using port numbers

F Ordered data transfer

Front 45

Which of the following functions is performed by both TCP and UDP?

A Windowing

B Error recovery

C Multiplexing using port numbers

D Routing

E Encryption

F Ordered data transfer

Back 45

C Multiplexing using port numbers

Front 46

What do you call data that includes the Layer 4 protocol header, and data given to Layer 4 by the upper layers, not including any headers and trailers from Layers 1 to 3? (Choosetwo answers.)

A. L3PDU

B. Chunk

C. Segment

D. Packet

E. Frame

F. L4PDU

Back 46

C. Segment

F. L4PDU

Front 47

In the URL http://www.certskills.com/ICND1, which part identifies the web server?

A http

B www.certskills.com

C certskills.com

D http://www.certskills.com

E The file name.html includes the host name.

Back 47

B www.certskills.com

Front 48

When comparing VoIP with an HTTP-based mission-critical business application, which of the following statements are accurate about the quality of service needed from the network? (Choose two answers.)

A VoIP needs better (lower) packet loss.

B HTTP needs less bandwidth.

C HTTP needs better (lower) jitter.

D VoIP needs better (lower) delay.

Back 48

A VoIP needs better (lower) packet loss.

D VoIP needs better (lower) delay.