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250 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three most common causes of peripheral neuropathy? |
Diabetes
Alcoholism Connective tissue disease |
|
How do you get diabetic neuropathy?
|
damage to nerves via small vessel ischemia and hyperglycemia
|
|
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
|
most common entrapment neuropathy
pressure causes ischemia results in demylination then axonal degeneration |
|
What are the symptoms of Capal tunnel syndrome?
|
paraesthesiasa, dysestheia in palmar aspect of hands and fingers
may awaken pt. progresses to weakness of ABP, FDP, FDS |
|
What part of the hand gets sensory from the median N?
|
thumb, index, middle, and 1/2 of ring fingers
|
|
what is the main cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?
|
idiopathic
|
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does the electrodiagnostic study of in carpal tunnel always come up positive?
|
no it does not- especially early
|
|
What are the treatments for carpel tunnel?
|
cock-up night splint
omm CT release, but dont wait too long |
|
What is the distribution of distal sensory neruopathy?
|
stocking glove distribution
|
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What is the presentation of diabetic distal sensory neruopathy?
|
intermittent pain and tingling in the feet
later becomes constant, intense, then painless eventually. NO motor changes |
|
What are the keys to treating distal sensory neruopahy?
|
blood sugar control in type 2 Dm
|
|
What is mononeuritis?
|
painful sensory and motor neuropathy involving 1 peripheral nerve
quick onset/ progression |
|
what is mononeuritis multiplex?
|
painful sensory and motor neruopathy involving at least two separate nerve areas
|
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What is diabetic thoracic radiculopathy?
|
burning, stabbing, belt like pain- usualy unilateral
|
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What are some of the neuropathologic findings in parkinsons disease?
|
loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra compacta
lewy bodies and lewy neurites |
|
What is the average age of onset for parkinsons? when is it rare before?**
|
average age of onset is 60
but rare before 40* |
|
What are the cardinal signs of parkinsons?
|
Resting tremor
rigidity bradykinesia postural instability |
|
What is the most common initial symptom of parkinsons?
|
pill rolling tremor, on one side
|
|
What is the progression of parkinsons tremor like?
|
starts unilateral, pill rolling
then spreads to the opposite side a Resting tremor |
|
What is an essential tremor?
|
most common tremor
|
|
What are the features of an essential tremor?
|
usually symmetric, and intention based**
isolated head tremor familial relationship |
|
What is the gait of parkinsons like?
|
shuffling gait
fenestrated gait with en bloc movement |
|
On physical exam, what is it like trying to move a pts limbs with parkinsons?
|
you'll see cogwheeling or lead pipe motion
|
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Other than motion problems, what are the other signs of parkinsons disease?
|
Mood disorders (depression)
Sleep disturbances pain |
|
What are the common complications of parkinsons?
|
dementia, starting years later
|
|
How long is levodopa good for in parkinsons?
|
good control for 4-6 years, but disability often progresses from then on
|
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What is peripheral diabetic neuropathy most often related to?
|
poor glycemic control
|
|
What is multiple sclerosis?
|
a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS
(Lesions that skip in time and space) |
|
What is the microscopic morphology of multiple sclerosis?
|
perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and monocytes
|
|
What HLA is related to multiple sclerosis?
|
HLA DRB1-1501
|
|
How does multiple sclerosis happen?
|
humoral component, increased levels of IgG demonstrated by oligoclonal banding on CSF electrophoresis
|
|
What are the common manifestations of multiple sclerosis?
|
Optic Neuritis- orbital pain, and variable visual loss- made worse by heat*
Ataxia Hemiparesis facial nerve palsies nystagmus, opthalplegia Vertigo myelopathy-incontinence |
|
What is the most common disease course in multiple sclerosis?
|
relapsins remitting
|
|
How do you diagnose multiple sclerosis?
|
history
oligoclonal banding in CSF IgG index |
|
What is the gold standard DX of multiple sclerosis?
|
MRI with Gadolinium
|
|
How does Gadolinium enhance on MRI with multiple sclerosis?
|
active lesions
|
|
How do you treat multiple sclerosis?
|
treat depression associated with it
acute flares are treated with glucocorticoids |
|
How does Glatriamer work?
|
this is a mix of 4 amino acids, which mimics myelin basic protein
binds up the angry T cells- also induces T helper 2 type suppressor cells |
|
How do interferons work to treat multiple sclerosis?
|
modulates immune responsiveness
|
|
What is ALS?
|
a neurodegenerative disorder or unknown etiology- characterized by progressive muscular paralysis, due to degeneration of motor neurons
|
|
What neurons are affected by ALS?
|
lower motor neurons in anterior horn of cord and brain stem
upper motor neurons in precentral gryus and prefrontal motor neurons |
|
How do most people get ALS?
|
spontaneous mutation in TDP-43 gene
|
|
What are the major risk factor for ALS?
|
Smoking
eating food products made from Cycad |
|
What are the four regions of ALS?
|
Bulbar- face/mouth.throad
Cervical- neck, shoulder, upper extremities Thoracic- chest/abdomen Lumbosacral- groin/lower back/ extremities |
|
What is the most common symptom onset of ALS?
|
progressive weakness in a single region
lack of pain, sensory sxs Incontinence** |
|
What is on the physical exam for ALS?
|
hyperreflexia (UMS)
atrophy fasciulations weakness spastic |
|
How do you extend life in ALS?
|
noninvasive ventlation
PEG tube |
|
What is Riluzole?
|
this is a Glutamate pathway antagonist to treat ALS
|
|
What is the progression os MS?
|
frequently seen with periods of relapses and remission
|
|
What is the prognosis with ALS?
|
usually follow a downhill course over 3-5 years
|
|
What is the leading cause of disability in the US?
|
strokes
|
|
What three things can cause an ischemic stroke?
|
Thrombosis
Embolism Hypoperfusion |
|
What are the neruologic signs for an ischemic stroke usually like?
|
usually present Bilaterally
|
|
What is the most common type of stroke?
|
ischemic stroke
|
|
What part of the brain does the ACA cover?
|
superior and anterior strip of the cortex
|
|
Where does the MCA cover?
|
deep central structures
|
|
What three arteries contribute to the circle of willis?
|
ICA
MCA Basilar artery |
|
What are the symptoms of a MCA occlusion?
|
Contralateral**
hemiplegia, Hemianesthesia, homonymous hemianopia gaze preference TO the stroke side** |
|
What are the major signs of an ACA stroke?
|
abulia- delay in verbal and motor response
paraparesis urinary incontinence Visual field deficits** |
|
What is the most common sign of PCA stroke?
|
occipital cortex is affected- so contralateral hemianopia, with MACULAR SPARING*
|
|
What are the symptoms of a PICA stroke?
|
vertigo, vomiting, nystagmus
numbness of ipsilateral face, contrlateral limbs- ataxia, hoarseness, dysarthria ipsilateral horners syndrome (affect ipsi up high, contra down low) |
|
What does a Basilar artery stroke result in?
|
Lock in syndrome
preserved consiciousness with quadraplegia |
|
What does an AICA stroke result in?
|
ipsilateral deafness
facial weakness vertigo N/V nystagmus tinnitus ataxia CN III palsy |
|
What does a lacunar stroke of the posterior limb of internal capsule cause?
|
pure motor hemiparesis
|
|
What does a lacunar stroke of the ventrolateral thalamus cause?
|
pure sensory stroke
|
|
What does a lacunar stroke of the pons cause?
|
ataxic hemiparesis
|
|
What does a lacunar stroke of the internal capsule cause?
|
dysarthria
|
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What should be the initial assessment in a CVA?
|
ABC's
|
|
How can having a stroke affect breathing?
|
with a stroke, a pt can have increased ICP
this can decrease the respiratory drive |
|
How is MAP affected in a stroke?
|
MAP usually goes up
|
|
What are the blood pressure guide lines for ischemic strokes?
|
dont treat unless greater then 220/120
|
|
What are the BP guidelines for hemorrhagic strokes?
|
keep BP below 160/90
|
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What is very important to find out about a stroke?
|
when did symptoms begin
|
|
What is the first diagnostic test in a stroke?****
|
Non contrast CT scan of brain
|
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How can an ischemia CVA present on CT initially?
|
this can be normal initally
|
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What is the ONLY drug that shows to be effective for early treatment of ischemic stroke (the msot common kind)
|
Aspirin! yay!
|
|
How do you treat a hemorrhagic stroke?
|
stop all anticoagulants, or reverse them
lower ICP |
|
What is a transient ischemic attach?
|
transient episode of neurologic dysfunction- due to ischemia without infarction
|
|
What should you do after a transient ischemic attack?
|
prevent the impending stroke
aspirin therapy ekg antihypertensive meds |
|
What is the presentation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
|
thunderclap onset, described as the worst headache of my life
|
|
What is the preventable risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage?
|
cigarette smoking
|
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What is the common complication that makes subarachnoid hemorrhages worse?
|
vasospasm
|
|
How do you diagnose a subarachnoid hemorrhage?***
|
Lumbar puncture-
LOOK for: Xanthochromia (pink/yellow tint of CSF) this is THE most sensitive test |
|
How do you manage a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
|
admit to ICU
analgeisa prevents hemodynamic spikes- which cause re bleeding |
|
What is the classic triad of meningitis?
|
fever
nuchal rigidity change in mental status headache is usually severe and generalized |
|
What is Brudzinski's sign?
|
spontaneous flexion of the hips during passive flexion of the neck
|
|
What is Kernigs sign?
|
inability to allow full extions of the knee when the hips is flexed to 90*
|
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What should every pt with suspected meningitis have done?
|
a lumbar puncture
|
|
What are the CSF findings in bacterial meningitis?
|
high WBC/Protein
Low glucose |
|
Meningitis with G+ diplococci is...
|
strep pneumoniae
|
|
Meningitis with G- diplococci is....
|
neissera meningitidis
|
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What is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis?
|
enterovirus
|
|
How does aseptic meningitis play out?
|
typically self limited in course
|
|
What does CSF look like for aseptic meningitis?
|
some WBCs (<500)
some protein (<100) normal glucose negative G stain |
|
What are the treatments for Meningitis?
|
ABC's
supportive Antibiotics |
|
What are the four phases of a migraine?
|
premonitory symptoms
aura headache postdrome |
|
What is the most common type of migraine?
|
migraine without aura
|
|
What are the frequent prodrome symptoms of a migraine?
|
euphoria, depression
cravings, stiff neck, yawing |
|
What is the aura of a migraine like?
|
visual loss, bright spots
|
|
what is the headache of a migraine like?
|
unilateral, throbbing, pulsatile, lasts for a long time- can have N/V
|
|
What are the symptoms of a tension headache?
|
bilateral, rubber band feeling
|
|
What are cluster headaches?
|
short lasting, unilatearl severe attacks
severe orbital, supraorbital, or temporal pain that must be unilateral |
|
What are some of the symptoms for cluster headaches?
|
unilateral autonomic symptoms, ptosis, miosis, lacrimation, and such.
ipsilateral with the attack |
|
How do you treat cluster headaches?
|
oxygen
and regular headache treatments |
|
Where does a subdural hematoma form?
|
between the dura, and arachnoid membranes
|
|
What causes a subdural hematoma?
|
head trauma- tearing the bridging veins
|
|
How do you treat a subdural hematoma?
|
ABC's
supportive sometimes neuro emergency |
|
Where do epidural hematoms form?
|
in the potential space between the dura and the skull?
|
|
What usually causes an epidural hematoma?**
|
tearing of the middle meningeal artery
these are LENS SHAPED** |
|
what shape are subdural hematomas?
|
crescent shaped
|
|
What are the symptoms of Anterior cord syndrome?
|
injury to the anterior spinal artery.
produces weakness and reflex changes bilateral loss of pain and temp urinary incontinence |
|
What are the symptoms of posterior cord syndrome?
|
gait ataxia, and paresthesias,
weakness |
|
What are the symptoms of Brown sequard syndrome? (hemicordectomy)
|
Ipsilateral- weakness, loss of vibration/proprioception
Loss of pain/temp on opposite side. no bladder symptoms |
|
What are the symptoms of central cord syndrome?
|
loss of pain and temperature in one or several adjacent dermatomes .
this is a "suspended sensory level" Bladdy dysfunction. upper motor problems |
|
what usually causes central cord syndrome?
|
hyperextension injuries
|
|
What is a SCIWORA?
|
spinal cord injury with out radiographic abnormalities
|
|
Who gets SCIWORAs?
|
usually kids
|
|
What is neurogenic shock?
|
hypotension, bradycardia. usually due to traumatic spinal injury
|
|
What is Entropion?
|
inward turning of eyelid- tx surgery
|
|
what is extropion?
|
outward turning of eyelid. tx surgery
|
|
How do you treat inflamed pinguecula and pterygiums?
|
artifical tears, vasoconstrictors
|
|
How do you treat belpharitis?
|
warm compress
bacitracin minocycline keflex |
|
How do you treat a hordeolum/chalazion?
|
G+ coverage!
topical Warm compress |
|
What must you apply to the eye after foreign body removal?
|
pressure patch
antibiotics |
|
How do you treat herpies simplex infection of the eye?
|
Viroptic 5X daily
|
|
What are the signs of viral conjunctivitis?
|
preauricular lymphadenopathy is the sign*
|
|
What are the signs of pre septal cellulitis?
|
vision, pupils, and motility are all normal
|
|
What are the signs of orbital cellulitis?
|
pain, fever, blurred vision, diplopia, limited motility
|
|
What is the treatment of pre-septal cellulitis?
|
oral antibiotics
warm compresses |
|
what is the treatment of orbital cellulitis?
|
CT
ENT consult eye referral |
|
What X ray view do you want for a blow out fracture?
|
orbital X ray, Waters view
|
|
What should be in your evaluation of a pediatric injury?
|
ABC's
5P's of compartment syndrome |
|
When is an Ankle X ray series required?
|
if there is any pain in the malleolar zone, AND there are bone tenderness in a couple regions. (posterior edge of lateral maleolus or medial maleolus)
AND cant bear weight right away and in the ER |
|
What is a foot x ray required?
|
pain in the malleolar zone, AND tenderness at two points (base of 5th metatarsal/navicular)
AND cant bear weight right away AND in the ER |
|
What is a salter type 1
|
separation of physeal plate
|
|
what is a salter type 2
|
through physeal plate and into metaepiphysis (long part of bone)
|
|
What is a salter type 3
|
through physeal plate and epiphysis (the tip o fthe bone)
|
|
What is a salter type 4?
|
through metaphysis and epiphysis
|
|
What is a salter type 5?
|
crushes physis
|
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What is the mnemonic for the ossification of bones in the elbow?
|
come-capitulum 2 yrs
rub- radial head - 4 yrs my- medial epicondyle- 6yrs tree-troclea - 8 of- olecranon-10 life- lateral epicondyle-12 |
|
What is a sprained wrist often considered?
|
this is often considered a fractured wirst
|
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What is Diarrhea?
|
loose and or water stools for at least 3 days, or increase in volume and fluidity
|
|
What is noninflammatory diarrhea?
|
watery, non bloody diarreha
-from small intestine associated with cramps/bloating/ N/V |
|
What is inflammatory diarrhea?
|
due to colonic tissue damage by invasion of bugs.
fever, dysentery |
|
Is there a fever with the dysentery of E coli O157:H7?
|
no there is not
|
|
What is tenesmus
|
sensation of incomplete rectal evacuation, and painful urgency to evacuate the stool
|
|
What is travelers diarrhea
|
3 movements in 24 hours, with one or more of these: N/V/Cramp/ fever
|
|
what is the most common cause of acute diarrhea?
|
viral diarrhea
|
|
What bugs can cause inflammatory diarrhea?
|
salmonella
shigella campylobacter EIEC yersnia enterocolitica (mimics appendicitis) |
|
What bugs create inflammatory diarrhea via cytotoxin production?
|
EHEC (O157:H7)
Virbio C- DIff |
|
What is the presentation of staph A diarrhea?
|
1-6 hours, projectile vomiting
food is toxin. self limited due to-salads, cream/custard/mayo |
|
What is the presentation of B cereus diarrhea?
|
vomiting in 1-6 hours, diarrhea in 8-14 hours.
found with fried rice |
|
What is the presentation of C. perfringens diarrhea?
|
diarrhea/cramps
due to meat/gravey thats allowed to cool |
|
When does enterotoxigenic E coli produce toxin?
|
After ingestion
|
|
What does weight loss with diarrhea suggest?
|
CA
hyperthyroidism malabsoprtion |
|
What does constipation alternating with diarrhea suggest?
|
IBS
|
|
What does arthritis, iritis, uveitis, and erythema nodosum implies
|
inflammatory bowel disease
|
|
Goiter, tremor, and tachycardia make you think of
|
hyperthyroidism
|
|
What conditions can cause WBC's in the stool- but are not infectious?
|
UC
Chrons Ischemic colitis |
|
What are the treatments for diarrhea?
|
fluids! like carbonated drinks. gatorade (but it needs more sodium/potassium)
|
|
What are the indications of IV rehydration due to diarrhea?
|
severe dehydration, shock, altered consciousness, cant keep fluids down
|
|
how do you prevent most kinds of diarrhea?
|
frequent hand washing
|
|
When do you give empiric antibiotic therapy for diarrhea?
|
moderate to severe travelers diarrhea
-bacterial sxs- fever/bloody diarrhea/pain/ leukocytes dehydration |
|
What is empiric therapy for travelers diarrhea?
|
fluoroquinolones
|
|
What is the complication of ecoli O157:H7 diarrhea?
|
hemolytic uremic syndrome
|
|
where do you get O157:H7 from?
|
undercooked hamburger and apple cider
|
|
What should you avoid drinking with acute NONinflammatory diarrhea?
|
avoid colas, caffeinate drinks
milk booze |
|
Do you need to report diarrhea?
|
yes if its food handler OR a health care worker
|
|
What is the most important mode of cooling under heat stress?
|
evaporation
|
|
What are Heat cramps?
|
heavy work load in heat stressed enviorment.
muscles being used cramp occurs in athelets |
|
how do you treat heat cramps?
|
this is caused by dilutional hyponatermia, so treat it accordingly
|
|
What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
|
dizziness, N/V, fever, weaknes and syncope
|
|
What causes heat exhaustion?
|
heat stress and profuse sweating plus symptoms= heat exhaustion
|
|
How does heat exhaustion develop?
|
depletion of body water and salt sotres over afew days. due to drinking only water
|
|
Who often gets heat exhaustion?
|
nursing home pts
|
|
what causes heat syncopy?
|
depleted volume
vasodilation |
|
What are the symptoms of heat stroke?
|
fever, neruo dysfunction
altered mental status focal deficits seziure coma |
|
When do you get heat stroke?
|
develops over days, dehydration over time
|
|
What lab tests do you run in heat stroke? findings?
|
CBC- wbc's high
electrolyes- low ABG- acidosis LFT- elevated Glucose- ok clotting- DIC ECG- SVT |
|
How do you treat heat stoke?
|
cool enviroments
evaporation is best can use invasive stuff- cold internal lavages |
|
How do you treat shivering during heat stroke tx?
|
chlorpromazine IV
|
|
How do you treat hypotension in heatstroke
|
fluids- duh
|
|
how do you reat rhabdomyolysis in heat stroke?
|
mannitol- osmotic diuresis, alkalinze urine (bicarb)
|
|
What is continuous data?
|
this is measured data, where intervals are useful
height, BP, cholesterol |
|
What can you calculate from continuous data?
|
means and standard deviations'
|
|
What is Ordinal data? (ranked)
|
numbers are arbitrary, but rank stuff
pain scale, apgar score |
|
What are the appropriate was to calculate ordinal data?
|
medians and percentiles are best
|
|
What is counted data?
|
categorical stuff, like gender or cancer grade
|
|
How can you characterize counted data?
|
my mode (most frequently occuring data point)
|
|
What does the upper edge of the box in the middle of a box plot mean?
|
75th percentile
|
|
what does the lower edge of the box in the middle of a box plot mean?
|
25th percentile
|
|
what does the midde line of the box in the middle of a box plot mean?
|
50th percentile
|
|
What do the whiskers of a box plot mean?
|
extreme values, less than 1.5X box heigh away from box edges
|
|
What type of data is the mean used for?
|
measured data thats not skewed
|
|
what is the median used for?
|
ranked data or skewed measured data
|
|
what is the mode used for?
|
counted data
|
|
How do you measure dispersion in ranked data?
|
percentiles
|
|
how do you measure variance in measured data?
|
the standard deviation
|
|
which way does the tail skew?
|
mean moves direction of the skew (the way of the tail)
|
|
What do you do with small p-value?
|
reject the null hypothesis
|
|
What is a confidence interval?
|
mean+/_ (constant)* measure of variability
|
|
what type of test paring removes variability between groups?
|
a paired design is best
|
|
what is a type 1 error?
|
false positive
-here you reject the null hypothesis, but the null is actually true |
|
what is a type 2 error?
|
accept null hypothesis, but null is not true
|
|
How do you compare two unpaired comparisons?
|
unpaired T test
|
|
how do you compare two paired comparisons?
|
paired T Test
|
|
how do you compare more than two "unpaired" comparisons
|
independent ANOVA
|
|
how do you compared more than two "paired" comparisons?
|
repeated ANOVA
|
|
What does the chi-squared test do?
|
this test the frequency comparisons
typically used in 2X2 charts |
|
What does the t-test compare?
|
compares two means.
used to compare means of two normally distributed samples |
|
What does the H0 null hypothesis of the t-test mean?
|
any differences between the means of your two data sets is due to sampling error
|
|
What does Ha research/alternative hypothesis of the t-test man?
|
this means the difference between the means of the data sets is due to the effect your studying
|
|
how do you determine if your t-test is statically significant ?
|
if your p value is below .05
|
|
What is ANOVA used to compare?
|
comparing several different means (more than two)
|
|
What is correlation and regression used to look for?
|
the relationship between two continuous variables
(smoking and lung cancer) |
|
What does the pearson product moment correlation coefficent measure?
|
measures direction and degree of LINEAR correlation between two variables
|
|
what do the values for R (the pearson product moment correlation coefficient) mean?
|
+r = positive linear
-r = negative correlation |
|
What does the chi squared test look for?
|
analyzing categorical data- like a 2x2 square
used to see if it is statistically significant in aid |
|
what is exanthem?
|
skin rash associated with viral infection
|
|
what is enanthem?
|
rash on mucosal surface assocaited with viral infection
|
|
What is exanthem subitum due to?
|
HHV 6/7
|
|
What is the presentation of exanthem subitum?
|
high fever followed by erythematous macular rash
|
|
What is the presentation of rubella?
|
mild URI
rash on face and spreads down to trunk clears by 3rd day |
|
What is the causative agent of rubella?
|
RNA virus in the togaviridae class
|
|
What is the presentation of rubeola?
|
Prodome- cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Koplick spots** rash comes a couple days AFTER the fever |
|
What causes ruebola?
|
parmyxovirus
|
|
What is the presentation of scarlet fever?
|
sandpaper rash
desquamatoin of face, hands, feet |
|
What causes scarlet fever?
|
GABHS
|
|
What is the presntation of tinea versicolor?
|
macules on chest or back, hypopigmented, pink, or brown with fine scale
|
|
What causes tinea versicolor?
|
malassezia globosa
|
|
What is nummular eczema?
|
sharply demarcated scaly coin lesion.
happens in dry winter climates in people with atopy |
|
Does chronic irritant contact dermatitis usually have vesciles?
|
nope- just dry and chapped
|
|
What type of allergic reaction is latex allergy?
|
Type 4 rxn- T cell over time, BUT if you have a true anaphylatic reaction, it is type 1 IgE mediated
|
|
What does atopic dermatiis look like?
|
the itch that rashes
on cheeks, antecubital and popliteal areas |
|
what is the #1 casue of urticaria?
|
idopathic
|
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how deep in the tissues does erythema nodosum extend?
|
into subQ and nodular in nature
|
|
What is dermatomyositis?
|
a systemic disease.
changes of eyelids, erythema of face neck and upper trunk, papules over knuckles (gottrons papules) pilateral proximal muscle weakness |
|
What is dermatomyositis associated with?
|
underlying malignancies
|
|
How is icthyosis vulgaris transmitted?
|
autosomal dominant
|
|
waht type of ichtyosis only affects males?
|
x linked ichthyosis
|
|
What is the presentation of an epidermoid cyst?
|
growth of cells over a pore, can squeeze out foul smelling crap
|
|
what is actinic keratosis?
|
erythemaous scaly papules on sun exposed areas
|
|
how is most HIV transmitted?
|
hetero sex (in africa)
|
|
how fast is HIV transported to regional lymph nodes?
|
48-72 hours
|
|
What is the most common symptom of HIV infection?
|
fever
|
|
with HIV, what does a +ELISA and - Western blot mean?
|
false positive
|
|
With HIV, what does a + ELISA and indeterminate western blot mean?
|
HIV status unkowns
|
|
With HIV, what does a + ELISA, indeterminate western blot, and + HIV RNA mean?
|
acute HIV
|
|
With HIV, what does -ELISA, - Western blot, HIV RNA +100,000
|
acute HIV
|
|
what is the HIV rash?
|
maculopapular and symmetrical, over the face and trunk
2-3 days after onset of fever |