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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H+ concentration equation
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[H+] = 25 (pCO2/[HCO3-])
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anion gap definition
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AG = [Na+] - ([Cl-] +[HCO3-])
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normal pCO2
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40 mm Hg
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normal [HCO3-]
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25 mM
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compensation for metabolic acidosis
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1 mM drop in [HCO3-] -> 1 mm Hg drop in pCO2
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compensation for respiratory acidosis
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acute:
10 mm Hg gain in pCO2 -> 1 mM gain in [HCO3-] chronic: 10 mm Hg gain in pCO2 -> 3 mM gain in [HCO3-] |
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compensation for respiratory alkalosis
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acute:
10 mm Hg drop in pCO2 -> 2 mM drop in [HCO3-] chronic: 10 mm Hg drop in pCO2 -> 5 mM drop in [HCO3-] |
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compensation for metabolic alkalosis
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1 mM gain in [HCO3-] -> 0.7 gain in pCO2
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2 kinds of metabolic acidosis
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elevated anion gap (AG)
non-elevated anion gap (NAG) |
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4 kinds of AG metabolic acidosis
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ketoacidosis
lactic acidosis uremic acidosis poisoning |
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3 kinds of NAG metabolic acidosis
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renal (RTA)
extrarenal HCl poisoning |
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RTA happens when kidney ____s (2). there is usually transient ___.
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doesn't reabsorb enough [HCO3-]
doesn't synthesize enough [HCO3-] bicarbonaturia |
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there is no AG in RTA because
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Na+ reabsorption causes extra Cl- reabsoption, offsetting loss of HCO3-
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4 causes of respiratory acidosis
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brain (decreased respiratory drive)
airway chest wall/diaphragm lungs |
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3 causes of respiratory alkalosis
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hypoxemia
stimulation of medullary breathing center mechanical ventilation |
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3 causes of hypoxemia
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pulmonary disease
CHF high altitude |
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3 causes of medullary breathing center stimulation
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pregnancy
pontine tumor CVA |
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respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis all cause ___
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intracellular acidosis
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3 main causes of metabolic alkalosis
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volume contraction due to diuresis
volume contraction due to GI suction or vomiting volume expansion due to mineralocorticoids |
