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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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infant normally has ___g/kg of stool
diarrhea is > ___g/kg |
5
10 |
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2 main mechanisms of diarrhea
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decreased absorption
increased secretion |
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2 causes of decreased absorption
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mucosal factors
intraluminal factors |
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2 mucosal factors
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decreased surface area
transport enzyme defects |
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3 intraluminal factors
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increased osmolarity
exocrine pancreas insufficiency bile salt deficiency |
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4 causes of increased secretion
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bacterial toxins
hormones inflammatory mediators luminal factors |
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2 hormones which cause increased secretion
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VIP
gastrin |
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secretory diarrhea has ___ volume, is intake dependent/independent, has [Na+] ___, has osmotic gap ___, and pH ___.
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high
independent >60 <50 >6 |
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osmotic diarrhea has ___ volume is intake dependent/independent, has [Na+] ___, has osmotic gap ___, and pH ___.
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low
dependent <50 >100 <5 |
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pH in osmotic diarrhea is low because
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colonic bacteria get to metabolize extra nutrients
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5 kinds of secretory diarrhea
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structural
hormonal infectious transport defects intestinal obstruction |
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5 bacteria causing secretory diarrhea
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cholera
clostridium ETEC Staph salmonella |
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5 hormones causing secretory diarrhea
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VIP
gastrin calcitonin gene related peptide neuroblastoma (?) carcinoid (?) |
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stool should be tested for ___ (2)
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occult blood
leukocytes |
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2 stool indicators for carbohydrate malabsorption
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pH < 5.5
reducing substances |
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___ indicates fat malabsorption, but gold standard is ___
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+ sudan stain
72 hr fecal fat collection |
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___ (2) toxins can be detected in stool
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C. difficile toxin A
C. difficile toxin B |
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___ is the screening Ab for celiac
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anti-tissue transglutaminase
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___ is screening test for small bowel injury
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D-xylose absorption
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___ is test for lactose/sucrose intolerance
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hydrogen breath test
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6 common causes of chronic diarrhea
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postinfectious gastroenteritis
cow's or soy milk allergy disaccharidase deficiency celiac IBD chronic non-specific diarrhea |
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2 biopsy findings in celiac
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loss of villi (flattened epithelium)
deep crypts |
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in microvillus inclusion disease, microvilli face ___ instead of ___
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into inclusions
into lumen |
