Icm Final Ms1

Front 1

What goes in the HPI?

Back 1

COLDERASS

Front 2

What is the average oral temperature?

Back 2

98.6 F, 37C

Front 3

What is the average rectal temperature? Tympanic? Axillary?

Back 3

rectal: 0.8F, 0.5C higher than oral
tympanic: 1.4F, 0.8 lower than oral
axillary: 1.5F, 1C lower than rectal

Front 4

What is defined as normal blood pressure?

Back 4

<120/80

Front 5

What is defined as prehypertensive blood pressure?

Back 5

120-139 systolic, 80-89 diastolic

Front 6

What is defined as hypertensive blood pressure?

Back 6

>140/90

Front 7

What is defined as malignant hypertension?

Back 7

>120 diastolic pressure

Front 8

How slow should you deflate a BP cuff?

Back 8

2-3mm/Hg per heartbeat

Front 9

What size should a BP cuff be?

Back 9

length: 80% of arm circumfrence, width: 40%

Front 10

CN V

Back 10

trigeminal nerve, three branches, sensory to face, divisions lateral to eyes, nose, mouth (blinking, mastication)

Front 11

CN VII

Back 11

facial nerve, provides motor, sensory and parasympathetic input to muscles of facial expression

Front 12

What are some extraneous variables that can influence BP?

Back 12

food intake, strenuous exercise, smoking, caffeine, phenylephrine, eye drops

Front 13

What are the five muscles of facial expression?

Back 13

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

Front 14

When do fontanels close? When do sutures ossify?

Back 14

2months - 2 years, 6-18 years

Front 15

Caput succedaneum

Back 15

bleeding below the scalp, above the periosteum and across the midline.

Front 16

Cephalohematoma

Back 16

deeper bleeding below the scalp and above the periosteum but does not cross across the midline.

Front 17

CN IX

Back 17

glosspharyngeal nerve, provides motor to the parotid gland, and sensory to 1/3 of posterior tongue (taste) and pharynx. Tested by saying "ah"

Front 18

CN X

Back 18

vagus nerve, provides motor to the palate, pharynx and larynx, and sensory to the pharynx and larynx. Tested by saying "ah"

Front 19

torticollis

Back 19

Sternocleidomastoid Hypertonicity, head tilted to one side / chin elevated and pointed to opposite side

Front 20

what is important to include in prescriptions?

Back 20

name of medication, how its taken, dose and frequency

Front 21

What is the definition of stage 2 hypertenstion?

Back 21

systolic >160, or diastolic >100

Front 22

cushings syndrome

Back 22

Increased cortisol production. Obesity, Buffalo Hump (back of neck), Rounded Facies (head/neck)

Front 23

butterfly rash

Back 23

symptom of Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus, accompanying symptoms include: Fever, Skin Rash, Arthritis, Anemia

Front 24

hyperthyroid facies

Back 24

Goiter (Thyromegaly)
Proptosis – Bulging eye due to muscle atrophy

Front 25

myxedema facies

Back 25

result of severe hypothyroidism, firm inelastic edema, dry skin and hair

Front 26

acromegaly

Back 26

excessive growth hormone production, facial bone growth, large hands and feet

Front 27

bell's palsy

Back 27

Facial Drooping on Affected Side – CNVII paralysis,unable to Close eye and Decrease in Optic lubrication, Flattened Nasolabial Fold

Front 28

down syndrome

Back 28

protruding tongue, upslanting palpebral fissures, protruding tongue

Front 29

fetal alcohol syndrome

Back 29

evidence of intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, deficient brain growth or malfunction, characteristic pattern of facial anomalies (short palpebral fissure, thin vermillion border, smooth philtrum, flattened midface)

Front 30

hyperthyroidism

Back 30

increase in metabolism, includes: goiter, tachycardia, diarrhea, amenorhea, muscle weakness, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, hair loss, thin nails, proptosis

Front 31

hypothyroidism

Back 31

decrease in metabolism, includes: puffy eyes, no goiter, constipation, menorrhagia, lethargy, sensitivity to cold, weight gain, thick hair, nails and skin

Front 32

fundus

Back 32

posterior portion of retina, includes: optic disk, optic nerve, vasculature, no photoreceptors

Front 33

cornea

Back 33

transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. largely responsible for refraction of light that enters eye, sensitive to touch, innervated by VI (corneal reflex)

Front 34

lens

Back 34

fine tunes light refraction

Front 35

presbyopia

Back 35

aging causes lenses to harden and lose convexity, loss of close visual acuity

Front 36

CN II

Back 36

Optic Nerve, afferent visual input

Front 37

CN III

Back 37

Oculomotor nerve, controls eye movement and papillary constriction (elevation, abduction, lateral rotation, adduction, medial rotation)

AO3 (all others controlled by 3)

Front 38

CN IV

Back 38

trochlear nerve, innervates superior oblique muscle of the eye (abduction, depression, medial rotation)
S04

Front 39

CN VI

Back 39

abducent nerve, innervates lateral rectus (abduction) LR6

Front 40

Are arteries or veins larger?

Back 40

veins, 2:1

Front 41

papilledema

Back 41

Optic disc swelling caused by increased intracranial pressure. Characterized by blurry disk margins, congestion of retinal veins, hard exudates on disk, hemoraghing

Front 42

CN XII

Back 42

hypoglossal, motor to all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles to tongue

Front 43

What nerve innervates the lateral rectus?

Back 43

CN XI

Front 44

What nerve innervates the superior oblique?

Back 44

CN IV

Front 45

What nerve innervates all extraoccular muscles other the LR and SO?

Back 45

CN III

Front 46

Why are infants more prone to ear infections?

Back 46

shorter and more horizontal eustachian tube

Front 47

Battle’s sign

Back 47

bruising over mastoid process that is commonly the only outward sign of a basilar skull fracture

Front 48

what is the significance of an absent red reflex?

Back 48

may indicate retinal detachment

Front 49

sensorineural hearing loss

Back 49

esults from a defect in the inner ear that leads to distortion of sound and misinterpretation of speech

Front 50

conductive hearing loss

Back 50

results when sound transmission is impaired through the external or middle ear

Front 51

otitis media

Back 51

(Ear infections) often caused by bacterial infection in the middle ear

Front 52

otitis externa

Back 52

inflammation and infection of the skin in the external ear canal

Front 53

Apgar score

Back 53

The test designed to quickly evaluate a newborn's physical condition after delivery and to determine any immediate need for extra medical or emergency care. The test is given twice: once at 1 minute after birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth. APGAR: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration. Each category scored 0-2, and points added up with 7-10 considered normal.

Front 54

What is considered a pre-mature gestastional age?

Back 54

< 37 weeks

Front 55

What is considered a term gestastional age?

Back 55

38-42

Front 56

What is considered a post-mature gestastional age?

Back 56

> 42 weeks

Front 57

Why is the Ballard score useful?

Back 57

it enables an estimation within 2 wks of gestational age even in extremely premature infants

Front 58

What is the criteria for SGA?

Back 58

Birth wt < 10th percentile or < 2500g

Front 59

What is the criteria for LGA?

Back 59

Birth wt > 90th percentile or >3800g

Front 60

Pectus Excavatum

Back 60

concave chest, cause unknown, most frequent anterior chest wall deformity

Front 61

Pectus Carinatum

Back 61

Protrusion of sternum and costal cartilages, less common, cause unknown, associated with scoliosis and congenital heart disease

Front 62

milia

Back 62

keratin-filled cysts that appear over bridge of nose

Front 63

lanugo

Back 63

downy hair, sign of premature birth

Front 64

mongolian spots

Back 64

melanin staining birthmark

Front 65

erythema toxicum

Back 65

common newborn rash, characterized by blotchy red spots on the skin

Front 66

epstein's pearls

Back 66

small white/yellow cystic papules typically on roof of mouth

Front 67

hemangiomas

Back 67

benign tumors/vascular malformation of endothelial cells

Front 68

metatarsus varus

Back 68

adduction and inversion of metatarsal bone (in-toeing)

Front 69

talipes equinovarus

Back 69

club-foot, foot appears rotated internally at the ankle

Front 70

What is the difference between the Barlow and Ortolani tests?

Back 70

Barlow: tests “dislocatability”-posterior placement of hip with ADDuction
Ortolani: tests “relocatability” -anterior placement of hip with ABDuction

Front 71

Moro reflex

Back 71

Cradle head and back with hands and gently allow head to fall back with your hands; normal response is symmetric abduction of arms with extension of fingers

Front 72

Placing & Stepping reflex

Back 72

Support newborn under axilla and stand him/her up; gently scrape top of foot along table; infant will respond by flexing then extending their legs (placing); when sole of foot touches table, then infant will “walk” for you (stepping)

Front 73

Grasp reflex

Back 73

Place finger in their palm, infant will grasp your hand

Front 74

Root reflex

Back 74

Touch cheek and infant will move to head that side

Front 75

How often should well-child visits occur?

Back 75

2-4 wks
then 2,4,6,9,12,15,18,24 months

Front 76

What immunization is given prior to an infant leaving the hospital?

Back 76

Hep B

Front 77

Miosis

Back 77

pupilary constriction

Front 78

Mydriasis

Back 78

pupilary dilation

Front 79

Anisocoria

Back 79

unequal pupil size

Front 80

Anhidrosis

Back 80

absence of sweating

Front 81

Horner's sydrome

Back 81

sympathetic nerve interruption, results in: ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid), miosis and anhydrosis

Front 82

chalazion

Back 82

a chronic inflammatory lesion when a Zeis or meiomian tear gland becomes obstructed, may evolve into a painless nodular lesion

Front 83

hordeolum

Back 83

an acute purulent inflammation of the eyelid, can be sterile or infected. An internal hordeolum is the inflammation of the meibomian gland. An external arises from an eyelash or lid-margin tear gland.

Front 84

pingueculum

Back 84

a harmless yellowish, triangular nodule in the bulbar conjuctiva on either side of the iris. Appears with aging and should not interfere with vison.

Front 85

pterygium

Back 85

a triangular thickening of the bulbar conjuctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, may interfere with vision

Front 86

scleral icterus

Back 86

yellowing of the sclera, symptom of elevated bilirubin/jaundice

Front 87

subconjuctival hemorrhage

Back 87

bleeding underneath the conjunctiva

Front 88

hyphema

Back 88

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

Front 89

non-allergic conjuctivitis

Back 89

inflammation of the conjunctiva
non-allergic: chronic or intermittent redness, may be related to dry eye, chemical irritant, foreign body, etc

Front 90

viral conjuctivitis

Back 90

often associated with URI, shows a fine diffuse pinkness, symptoms include watery discharge and variable itch

Front 91

bacterial conjuctivitis

Back 91

causes marked grittiness/irritation and thick discharge

Front 92

allergic conjuctivitis

Back 92

most common cause is hay fever. Symptoms consist of redness edema of the conjunctiva, itching and increased production of tears

Front 93

corneal abrasion

Back 93

loss of the surface epithelial layer of the eye's cornea