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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T/F: osteoporosis is usually asymptomatic until fracture
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true
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most common location for osteoporosis fractures
radiological marker for the injury is ___ |
spine below T3
fishmouth vertebra |
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vertebral fractures above T3 are suspicious for ___
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malignancy
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colle's fracture is fracture of ___.
it occurs commonly after ___ing. |
distal radius
falling onto extended hand |
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the worst osteoporisis-associated fracture is ____
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femoral neck
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whereas ____ has little effect on the aging skeleton, ____ has a large effect
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exercise
being bedridden |
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2 menstrual causes of osteoporosis
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early menopause
previous amenorrhea |
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4 iatrogenic causes of osteoporosis
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GCs
antiepileptics thyroxine anticoagulants |
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3 endocrine causes of osteoporosis
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primary hyperPT
thyrotoxicosis Cushing's |
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2 rheumatologic causes of osteoporosis
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RA
ankylosing spondylitis |
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5 hematologic causes of osteoporosis
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multiple myeloma
systemic mastocytosis lymphoma leukemia pernicious anemia |
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2 GI causes of osteoporosis
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malabsorption diseases
chronic liver disease |
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6 treatments for osteoporosis
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Ca2+
vitamin D SERMs bisphosphonates calcitonin PTH analogs |
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___ is not indicated for osteoporosis but is effective at preventing it.
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hormone replacement
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SERMs are ___. they act as ___ at bone, and as ___ at breast and uterus.
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selective estrogen receptor modifiers
E receptor agonist E antagonist |
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5 foods with vitamin D
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salmon
mackerel cod liver oil yeasts plants |
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1alpha hydroxylase is expressed in ___ (7)
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kidney
placenta breast colon osteoblasts keratinocytes immune cells |
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extrarenal tissues expressing 1alpha hydroxylase use vitamin d for ___ (2)
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regulation of growth
regulation of immune function |
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normal level of 25(OH)D is at least
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37 ng/ml
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hypovitaminosis D causes ____ of bone. in adults this is called ___.
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insufficient mineralization
osteomalacia |
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osteomalacia differs from osteoporosis in that ___
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edema causes pressure on periosteal nerves, causing pain before fracture
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