Icescr (W7: 2/2) (Economic Social And Cultural Rights).

Front 1

practical excuses for resistance against the ICESCR:

Back 1

difficulties in providing material economic and social conditions for people, such as employment, education, housing, medical care, and welfare.

Front 2

The idea of progressive realisation:

Back 2

acknowledges that economic, social and cultural rights cannot be achieved immediately, just by passing a law, like the pre-emptory civil and political rights (e.g. no more torture, no more censorship). Also, it is not a "get out of jail free card" for poor states.

Front 3

What does Progressive realization of ESCR mean for states?

Back 3

It means that states agree that there will be continual progress on the status of these rights, and therefore they will take immediate steps to fulfil the full realisation ESCR.

Front 4

Immanuel Kants philosophical definition of Positive and Negative duties:

Back 4

Negative Duties = require that we refrain from harming and injuring others.

Positive Duties = require that we render assistance to those in need.

Front 5

All human rights have been found to entail (civil, political, social, economic and cultural):

Back 5

POSITIVE GUARANTEES of protection promotion and assistance.
AND

NEGATIVE GUARANTEES of immunity, non-assitance and restrain.

Front 6

Premise of Peter Singers argument:

Back 6

1. “Suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care are bad” .

2. General principle: “if it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything morally significant, we ought, morally, to do it”.

3. Implicit Premise: I can prevent people dying from starvation by giving more money to famine relief than I do.

4. Implicit Premise: By giving more money to famine relief than I do, I would not be sacrificing anything morally significant.

5. Therefore, I should give more to famine relief than I do.

Front 7

Singers vision:

Back 7

We need to revise drastically our way of thinking. Giving to famine relief should be thought of as a duty, as wrong not to do, as morally required, and so forth – akin to not murdering someone.

Front 8

Before the UDHR there were also:

Back 8

MORAL HUMAN RIGHTS - the validity of which is independent of governmental bodies.

Front 9

Pogge's argument:

Back 9

1. Human rights are moral claims on the organisation of one’s society.

2.Citizens are collectively responsible for the organisation of their society.

3. It follows from this that human rights make demands on (especially influential) citizens.

4. These demands mean that citizens are responsible for re-organising their society’s
institutions if those institutions are responsible for human rights violations.

5. If citizens fail to do so, they are human rights violators.

Front 10

What is the 0.7% target regarding foreign aid duty?

Back 10

In 1970, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution stating:
Each economically advanced country will progressively increase its official development assistance to the developing countries and will exert its best efforts to reach a minimum net amount of 0.7 percent of its gross national product at market prices by the middle of the decade

Front 11

What are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

Back 11

form a blueprint agreed to by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions. They have galvanized unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the world’s poorest.