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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the general algorithm for any emergency?
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1. Stop procedure
2. vital signs ( bp, P, RR) 3. Oxygen 4. Positional changes if necessary 5. Basic life support C A B 6. Emergency drugs 7. EMS |
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In which circumstance would you know not to give oxygen to a patient?
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Hyperventilation
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What are the top 5 medical emergencies?
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1.Syncope
2.Mild allergic reaction 3.Postural hypotension 4.Hyperventillation 5.Hypoglycaemia |
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5 main causes of loss of conciousness?
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1. Syncope
2. Hypoglycaemia 3. Cardiac arrest 4. Acute adrenal insufficiency 5. Thyroid storm (crisis) |
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Population more prone to syncope?
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Young male
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3 main causes for syncope?
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Decreased blood flow to the brain because:
1 the heart fails to pump the blood 2 the blood vessels dont have enough tone to maintain blood pressure to deliver blood to the brain 3 there is not enough blood or fluid within the blood vessels 4 combination of the above |
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Syncope management?
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- tredenlenberg potiison
- assess conciousness - establish airway - 100% oxygen - monitor vital signs - apply cold compress |
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When to activate EMS for syncope?
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if LOC >5 min, or recovery >10min, activate EMS
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3 most serious causes of syncope?
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1. Cardiac causes
2. Subclavian steal syndrome 3. Aortic stenosis |
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Definition of hypoglycaemia
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when blood sugar drops below 2.5
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5 causes of hypoglycaemia
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1. excessive insulin therapy/oral hypoglycaemia
2. alcohol ingestion 3. excessive exercise 4. missed or delayed meals 5. illness or infection |
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Treatment of hypoglyaemia
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- stop dental tx
- place patient in supine posiiton - maintain open airway - monitor vital signs - check blood glucose - treat blood glucose <2.8, even with no symptoms |
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How to treat blood glucose in a concious hypoglyaemic patient
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give oral dextrose (tables, fruit juice, candy)
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How to treat blood glucose in an uconcious hypoglyaemic patient
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- basic life support - activate ems if no response
- administer 1mg glucagon IM recheck blood glucose in 15min - repeat glucagon as needed |
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What is the normal range for blood glucose?
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3.5-5.8mmol/L
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4 main causes of cardiac arrest
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1. Acute myocardial infarction
2. Cardiomyopathy 3. Hypoxia 4. Medication reaction |
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S & S of cardiac arrest
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- chest pain
- SOB - agonal aspirations - unresponsive/unconcious - undetectable pulse and bp |
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Tx for cardiac arrest
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- activate EMS
- initiate BLS - switch on automatic external defibrillator - place pads and follow instruction |
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Define acute adrenal insufficiency
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- not enough cortisol because:
- adrenal gland damaged - pit gland injured - adrenal insuffiency not properly treated |
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5 main causes of acute adrenal insufficiency
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1. Fever, dehydration, injury, surgery, anaesthesia
2. Inadequate replacement therapy of adrenal insufficiency 3. Noncompliance with replacement therapy 4. Recent abrupt stopping of corticosteroid 5. Hx of long standing use of corticosteroid |
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Tx of acute adrenal insufficiency
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- terminate procedure
- monitor vital signs - position: tredelenberg if BP <90/60 - activate EMS - medication: dexamethosone 4 mg IM - continue to monitor vital signs |
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Where are the preferable injection sites of IM?
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Any well vascularized areas:
- upper buttocks near sciatic m. - deltoid muscle |
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What is thyroid storm?
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a RARE complication of hypertheyroidism in which manifestations of thyrotoxicosis are exaggerated to life threatening proportions
- typically seen in ptns with moderate to severe antedent graves disease and is usually precipitate by a stressful event |
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S & S of thyroid storm
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- tachycardia >140bpm
- hypotension <90 mmhg - tremor - nausea, vomitting - abd pains - pyrexia >41 C - nervousness and agitation |
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Tx of thyroid storm
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- terminate dental procedure
- activate EMS - 100% O2 - place ptn in comfortable position - monitor vital signs every 5 min - initiate BLS |
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What is an allergic reaction?
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an inappropriate or excessive reaction of the immune system to a foreign substance
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S&S of allergic rxn
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- urticaria (wheel/flare)
- prurutus (mild to severe itching) - angioedema (face, lips, perioral tissues) - erythema - generalized/localized - hives - redness |
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Tx of allergic rxn
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- upright/semi-reclined position
- 100% O2 - monitor vitals - administer diphenhydramine HCl benadryl 25-50mg orally |
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What are some drugs that may induce postural hypotension?
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- nitrates
- drugs for parkinsons - antipsychotics, neuroleptics - antianxiety agents - sedatives, hypnotics - TCAs - drugs for HTN ( diuretics, beta blockers, CCBs, ACE) |
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Treatment of postural hypotension
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- if standing, have ptn sit/lie down immediately - Tredelenberg
- 100% O2 - Activate EMS if condition worsens - reposition pt slowly - monitor vital signs |
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How do you manage hypotension from steroid therapy?
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- administer steroids
- activate EMS |
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Define hyperventillation
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Rapid, DEEP breathing, possibly exceeding 40 bpm
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