Icc - Human Growth & Dev. Chapter 8

Front 1

Children incorporate into their self-image their growing understanding of how others see them.

Back 1

true

Front 2

Emotions such as shame and pride develop in middle childhood, not early childhood.

Back 2

False

Front 3

Harter's research includes 12 levels of development.

Back 3

false

Front 4

Children who have developed representational systems can integrate their sets of positive and negative emotions.

Back 4

true

Front 5

Older children can describe conflicting feelings toward the same target, whereas younger children cannot.

Back 5

true

Front 6

Self-esteem in early childhood tends to be global and unrealistic, reflecting adult approval.

Back 6

true

Front 7

The main gender difference in early childhood is girls' greater aggressiveness.

Back 7

false

Front 8

Gender stereotypes peak during the preschool years.

Back 8

true

Front 9

Gender differences are exclusively behaviorally based.

Back 9

false

Front 10

According to Parten, play becomes less social during early childhood.

Back 10

false

Front 11

Nonsocial play is not necessarily immature; it depends on what children do when they play.

Back 11

true

Front 12

Discipline can be a powerful tool for socialization.

Back 12

true

Front 13

Authoritative parents tend to raise less competent children.

Back 13

false

Front 14

Power assertion, inductive techniques, and withdrawal of love can be effective in certain situations.

Back 14

true

Front 15

Most children become more aggressive after age 6 or 7.

Back 15

false

Front 16

Family conflict can be used to help children learn rules and standards of behavior and negotiating skills.

Back 16

true

Front 17

Boys tend to practice relational aggression and girls engage in overt aggression.

Back 17

false

Front 18

Preschool children show temporary fears of real and imagined objects.

Back 18

true

Front 19

The incidence of reported maltreatment and abuse of children has decreased since 1970.

Back 19

false

Front 20

Sibling and peer relationships contribute to self-efficacy.

Back 20

true

Front 21

Most sibling interactions are negative.

Back 21

false

Front 22

Siblings tend to resolve disputes on the basis of moral principles, although not always the same ones parents use.

Back 22

true

Front 23

Same-sex siblings, especially girls, tend to get along best.

Back 23

true

Front 24

Friends have more positive and negative interactions than do other playmates.

Back 24

true

Front 25

Parenting does not affect children's social competence with peers.

Back 25

false

Front 26

The self-concept undergoes major change in _____.

Back 26

early childhood

Front 27

According to neo-Piagetians, self-definition
a. shifts from single representations to representational mappings.
b. never changes

Back 27

A

Front 28

Self-esteem in early childhood tends to be
a. unpredictable.
b. global and unrealistic.

Back 28

b. global and unrealistic.

Front 29

According to Erikson, the chief developmental crisis of early childhood is

Back 29

initiative vs. guilt.

Front 30

The main gender difference in early childhood is

Back 30

boys' greater aggressiveness.

Front 31

Gender stereotypes
a. decline until adolescence.
b. peak during the preschool years.

Back 31

b. peak during the preschool years.

Front 32

The idea that gender differences are biologically based is suggested by
a. differences in brain size and hormonal activity.
b. Freud.

Back 32

a. Differences in brain size and hormonal activity.

Front 33

According to social cognitive theory, children learn gender roles through
a. socialization.
b. church.
c. parents.

Back 33

a. socialization

Front 34

According to Piaget and Smilansky, the order of cognitive progression in children's play is:
a. formal, functional, pretend, cognitive, constructive.
b. functional, constructive, pretend, formal, games with rules

Back 34

b. functional, constructive, pretend, formal, games with rules

Front 35

In early childhood, children prefer to play
a. with others of the opposite sex.
b. with others of the same sex.

Back 35

b. with others of the same sex.

Front 36

The most effective method of discipline is
a. inductive techniques
b. spanking

Back 36

a. inductive techniques

Front 37

Baumrind identified
a. three parenting styles.
b. four methods of discipline.

Back 37

a. three parenting styles.

Front 38

The most common type of aggression in early childhood is
a. hostile aggression.
b. instrumental aggression.

Back 38

b. instrumental aggression.

Front 39

Maltreatment includes
a. physical abuse.
b. neglect.
c. sexual abuse.
d. All of the above.

Back 39

d. All of the above.

Front 40

Siblings and peer relationship contribute to
a. aggression.
b. self-efficacy.

Back 40

b. self-efficacy.

Front 41

Most sibling interactions are
a. negative.
b. altruistic.
c. positive.
d. undefined.

Back 41

c. positive.

Front 42

Only children seem to develop
a. with unusual grace.
b. as well as children with siblings.

Back 42

b. as well as children with siblings.

Front 43

Pre-schoolers choose playmates and friends who are
a. unlike them.
b. like them.
c. leaders.
d. none of the above.

Back 43

b. like them.

Front 44

Aggressive children of preschool age are
a. less popular than pro-social children.
b. more popular than pro-social children.

Back 44

a. less popular than pro-social children.

Front 45

The cluster of characteristics used to describe oneself is known as
a. self-concept.
b. self-definition.
c. real self
d. ideal self.

Back 45

b. self-definition.

Front 46

When a child adopts the characteristics, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behavior of the same-sex parent, it is know as

Back 46

identification

Front 47

Play involving use of objects or materials to make something is classified as

Back 47

constructive play

Front 48

A discipline strategy designed to discourage undesirable behavior through physical or verbal enforcement of parental control is known as

Back 48

power assertion.

Front 49

After age 6 or 7, children become
a. less aggressive.
b. more aggressive.
c. more to inclined to pout.
d. more likely to have temper tantrums.

Back 49

a. less aggressive.

Front 50

According to Kohlberg, gender constancy leads to
a. frustration.
b. acquisition of gender roles.
c. pre-adolescence.
d. cognitive competence.

Back 50

b. acquisition of gender roles.