Icc Ch 5 & 6 Flashcards

Front 1

argot

Back 1

A nonstandard way of communicating that separates insiders from outsiders of a coculture.

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bilingual

Back 2

Able to speak two languages fluently or at least competently.

Front 3

bilingualism

Back 3

The ability to speak two languages.

Front 4

cocultural group

Back 4

Nondominant cultural groups that exist in a national culture—for example, African American or Chinese American.

Front 5

code switching

Back 5

Changing from one language or communication style to another.

Front 6

communication style

Back 6

The metamessage that contextualizes how listeners are expected to accept and interpret verbal messages.

Front 7

equivalency

Back 7

An issue in translation, the condition of being equal in meaning, value, quantity, and so on.

Front 8

high-context communication

Back 8

A style of communication in which much of the information is contained in the contexts and nonverbal cues rather than expressed explicitly in words. (Compare with low-context communication.)

Front 9

improvised performance

Back 9

A way of thinking about intercultural interaction in which two people are making up a performance as they go along.

Front 10

interpretation

Back 10

The process of verbally expressing what is said or written in another language.

Front 11

language

Back 11

A means of communication using shared symbols.

Front 12

language acquisition

Back 12

The process of learning language.

Front 13

language policies

Back 13

Laws or customs that determine which language will be spoken when and where.

Front 14

low-context communication

Back 14

A style of communication in which much of the information is conveyed in words rather than in nonverbal cues and contexts. (Compare withhigh-context communication.)

Front 15

multilingual

Back 15

The ability to speak more than two languages fluently or at least competently.

Front 16

phonology

Back 16

The study of speech sounds.

Front 17

pragmatics

Back 17

The study of how meaning is constructed in relation to receivers and how language is actually used in particular contexts in language communities.

Front 18

semantics

Back 18

The study of words and meanings.

Front 19

social positions

Back 19

The places from which we speak that are socially constructed and thus embedded with assumptions about gender, race, class, age, social roles, sexuality, and so on.

Front 20

source text

Back 20

The original language text of a translation. (See also target text.)

Front 21

syntactics

Back 21

The study of the structure, or grammar, of a language.

Front 22

target text

Back 22

The new language text into which the original language text is translated. (See also source text.)

Front 23

third culture style

Back 23

A new communication style that results from two people trying to adapt to each other's styles.

Front 24

translation

Back 24

The process of producing a written text that refers to something said or written in another language.

Front 25

verlan

Back 25

A French form of argot in which the syllables in words or the words are often reversed.

Front 26

adaptors

Back 26

Gestures related to managing our emotions.

Front 27

contact cultures

Back 27

Cultural groups in which people tend to stand close together and touch frequently when they interact—for example, cultural groups in South America, the Middle East, and southern Europe. (See noncontact cultures.)

Front 28

cultural space

Back 28

The particular configuration of the communication that constructs meanings of various places.

Front 29

deception

Back 29

The act of making someone believe what is not true.

Front 30

emblems

Back 30

Gestures that have a specific verbal translation.

Front 31

eye contact

Back 31

A nonverbal code that communicates meanings about respect and status and often regulates turn taking during interactions.

Front 32

facial expressions

Back 32

Facial gestures that convey emotions and attitudes.

Front 33

gestures

Back 33

Nonverbal communication involving hand and arm movements.

Front 34

home

Back 34

The immediate cultural context for our upbringing; where we have lived.

Front 35

illustrators

Back 35

Gestures that go along with and refer to speech.

Front 36

migrating

Back 36

When an individual leaves the primary cultural context in which he or she was raised and moves to a new cultural context for an extended period of time. (See also immigrant and sojourner.)

Front 37

monochronic

Back 37

An orientation to time that assumes it is linear and is a commodity that can be lost or gained.

Front 38

neighborhood

Back 38

Living area defined by its cultural identity, especially an ethnic or racial one.

Front 39

noncontact cultures

Back 39

Cultural groups in which people tend to maintain more space and touch less often than people do in contact cultures. Great Britain and Japan tend to have noncontact cultures. (See contact cultures.)

Front 40

nonverbal communication

Back 40

Communication through means other than language—for example, facial expressions and clothing.

Front 41

personal space

Back 41

The immediate area around a person, invasion of which may provoke discomfort or offense.

Front 42

polychronic

Back 42

An orientation to time that sees it as circular and more holistic.

Front 43

regionalism

Back 43

Loyalty to a particular region that holds significant cultural meaning for that person.

Front 44

regulators

Back 44

Gestures used to guide the flow of a conversation, especially for turn taking.

Front 45

relational messages

Back 45

Messages (verbal and nonverbal) that express how we feel about others.

Front 46

silence

Back 46

The absence of verbal messages.

Front 47

status

Back 47

The relative position an individual holds in social or organizational settings.

Front 48

traveling

Back 48

The changing of cultural spaces through locomotion.