Ibhs 524 Exam 2

Front 1

skeletal muscle (striation, nucleus, drugs)

Back 1

striated voluntary muscle, multinucleated, NAChR, cholinesterase inhibitors

Front 2

cardiac muscle (striation, nucleus, drugs)

Back 2

striated involuntary muscle, single nucleus, CCB/Beta-blockers/Digoxin

Front 3

smooth muscle (striation, nucleus, drugs)

Back 3

non striated involuntary muscle, single nucleus, ARBS/Organic nitrates-NO donors/bronchodilators

Front 4

fascicle organization

Back 4

parallel muscles, convergent muscles, circular muscles, pennate muscle

Front 5

levers

Back 5

first class (seesaw), second class (wheelbarrow), third class (applied force between load and fulcrum)

Front 6

Buccinator

Back 6

moves food around mouth

Front 7

masseter

Back 7

elevates mandible, closes jaws

Front 8

temporalis

Back 8

elevates mandible

Front 9

pterygoids (medial and lateral)

Back 9

closes jaws (medial), opens jaws (lateral)

Front 10

extrinsic eyes muscles

Back 10

inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique

Front 11

inferior oblique

Back 11

eyes roll, look up and laterally

Front 12

superior oblique

Back 12

eyes roll, look down and laterally

Front 13

diaphragm regions

Back 13

inferior vena cava, thoracic aorta, esophagus

Front 14

muscles in between ribs

Back 14

internal intercostals, external intercostals

Front 15

superficial muscles on back in shoulder area

Back 15

deltoid and trapezius

Front 16

rotator cuff (deep muscles)

Back 16

subscapularis, teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus

Front 17

superficial muscles

Back 17

trapezius, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major

Front 18

hamstring muscles

Back 18

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

Front 19

quadriceps

Back 19

vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

Front 20

muscles that move foot

Back 20

gastrocnemius (medial head), soleus, gastrocnemius (lateral head), calcaneal tendon

Front 21

M line

Back 21

connection point of thick filaments

Front 22

H band

Back 22

light region on either side of M line - contains only thick filaments

Front 23

zone of overlap

Back 23

region of overlap between thin and thick filaments

Front 24

I band

Back 24

Z lines (boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres - gives striated appearance, titin: elastic protein that attaches thick filaments to Z lines)

Front 25

components of thin filaments

Back 25

Actin, Nebulin, Tropomyosin, Troponin

Front 26

components of thick filaments

Back 26

myosin, titin

Front 27

during contraction, what happens to the filaments

Back 27

H/I bands get smaller, ZOO gets larger, Z line move closer, width of A band stays the same

Front 28

the "controls" of skeletal muscle

Back 28

Nervous system (NMJ, synaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, motor end plate)

Front 29

neural stimulation of a muscle fiber

Back 29

1. AP @ terminal 2. Release of ACh 3. ACh binds at motor end plate 4. AP in sarcolemma, AChE breaks down ACh 5. process starts again with new AP

Front 30

where does excitation contraction coupling occur

Back 30

triads (2 t tubules and 1 TC)

Front 31

amount of tension produced by a muscle depends on the amount of cross bridges but can very depending on:

Back 31

fiber's resting length at time of stimulation, frequency of stimulation

Front 32

types of muscle tension

Back 32

frequency of stimulation, treppe, wave summation, incomplete tetanus, complete tetanus

Front 33

tension produced by whole skeletal muscle depends on

Back 33

tension produced by stimulated muscle fibers and total number of muscle fibers stimulated

Front 34

sources of ATP

Back 34

stored ATP, phosphagen system, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic glycolysis/lipolysis

Front 35

fast twitch

Back 35

chicken breast, power/quickness, low mitochondria, PS/AnG, sprinter/lifter

Front 36

slow twitch

Back 36

chicken leg, endurance/stamina, many mitochondria, aerobic, marathoner

Front 37

marathoner: percent FT/ST

Back 37

18 FT, 82 ST

Front 38

average person: percent FT/ST

Back 38

55FT, 45ST

Front 39

sprinter: percent FT/ST

Back 39

63FT, 37ST

Front 40

substances prohibited in/out competition

Back 40

anabolic androgenic steroids, peptide hormones + growth factors, beta 2 agonists, estrogen receptor modulators, diuretics/plasma expanders

Front 41

substances prohibited in competition only

Back 41

stimulants, narcotics, glucocorticosteroids, cannabinoids, beta blockers, alcohol

Front 42

CNS and PNS NT/NM

Back 42

NO, histamine, NE, ACh, Substance P, Neuropeptide Y

Front 43

tyrosine derivatives NT/NM

Back 43

Epinephrine, NE, Dopamine

Front 44

monoamines

Back 44

Serotonin, Histamine, Epinephrine, NE, Dopamine

Front 45

Catecholamines

Back 45

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

Front 46

Inhibitory post synaptic effect NTs

Back 46

GABA, Glycine

Front 47

Excitatory post synaptic effect

Back 47

Glutamate, Aspartate

Front 48

Inhibitory and Excitatory post synaptic effect

Back 48

ACh, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Serotonin, Histamine, Opoids

Front 49

NTs with the most receptors

Back 49

ACh and Serotonin

Front 50

examples of cholinesterase inhibitors

Back 50

work on skeletal muscle: neostigmine, pyridostigmine, ambenonium

Front 51

how do smooth muscle cells differ from other cells

Back 51

excitation contraction coupling, length tension relationships, control of contractions, smooth muscle tone