Ibhl Bio - 5.5 Classification

Front 1

Outline the Binomial System of Nomenclature

Back 1

Each species has two names. They are used together to give precise reference to this species

- Genus is always written first (e.g. homo)
- species epithet follows the genus and is written in lower case (e.g. sapiens)

Conventions:
1) if written by hand, the name should be underlined
2) if typed, the name should be italicized
3) if the name is followed by another name in brackets (e.g. dickins) it is the person who first scientifically identified the species

Front 2

List seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa—kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species using: Man

Back 2

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Sapiens

Front 3

List seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa—kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species using: Blue Bell

Back 3

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Hycinthaceae
Genus: Hycinthoides
Species: Non-scripta

Front 4

Distinguish features of Bryophyta, using simple external recognition features

Back 4

Phylum: Bryophyta (mosses, liverworts, hornworts)
- stems > radial symmetry
- stems > bilateral symmetry
- no true leaves or roots
- no cuticle
- reproductive structure are called sporangium which are on long stalks with capsules on end

Front 5

Distinguish Features that characterize a plant as part of the Plantae Kingdom

Back 5

-photosynthetic
- chlorophyll
- cellulose cell wall
- vacuoles permanent
- store starch

* classification of major plant phyla is based on external observable features

Front 6

Distinguish features of Filicinophyta, using simple external recognition features

Back 6

Phylum: Filicinophyta (ferns)

- leaves
- roots, non-woody stems
- divided leaves
- height up to 20 cm
- reproduction: sporangia contain reproductive spores

Front 7

Distinguish features of Coniferophytes, using simple external recognition features

Back 7

Phylum: Coniferophytes (conifers and pines)

- trees (100m), shrubs
- woody (lignin) stems
- waxy, narrow, needle-like leaves
- vascular system (tracheids)
- reproduction: monoecious, microsporophylls (male) non motile gametes often with air bladders for water/ air dispersal. macrosporophylls (female) ovule on cone scale

Front 8

Distinguish features of Angiospermophyta, using simple external recognition features

Back 8

Phylum: Angiospermophyta (flowering plants and grasses)

- roots
- stems
- leaves
- vascular bundles (xylem, phloem)
- waxy cuticle
- annual or perennial up to 100m reproduction:
> ovules an enclosed carpel structure
> pollen grains produced from anthers
> variety of pollen transfers vectors

Front 9

Distinguish features of porifera, using simple external recognition features

Back 9

Phylum: Porifera (sponges)

- no body layers > instead, there is different cell types
- support is either silica or calcium based spicules which link together
- body plan is built around water canals which circulate nutrient through the sponge for ingestion by specialized cells
- no mouth or anus

Front 10

The Kingdom of invertebrates is classified by which characteristics:

Back 10

Heterotrophic

no cell walls

no vacuoles

no chlorophyll

store glycogen

Front 11

Distinguish features of Cnidaria, using simple external recognition features

Back 11

Phylum: Cnidaria (corals, sea anemones, jelly fish)

- two layers in body plan
- radial symmetry
- jelly fish are mobile organisms
- sea anemones are sessile organisms
- Single entrance that serves the the cavity that functions of the circulation of respiratory gases and nutrient. These organisms are secondary consumers and posses stinging cells with toxins called nematocysts to disable prey.
- Corals secrete a CaCO3 skeleton

Front 12

Distinguish features of Platyhelminthes, using simple external recognition features

Back 12

Phylum: Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

- three layers of body plan
- one entrance to gut, which can have many folds to increase surface area
- largely parasitic includes flukes

Front 13

Distinguish features of Annelida, using simple external recognition features

Back 13

Phylum: Annelida (segment worms)

- 3 layers to body plan
- bilateral symmetry
- body divided into ring segments with some specialization of segments
- mouth connected via gut to a separate anas
- skin surface used for gas exchange
- many marine forms but also terrestrial species usually soil burrowing

Front 14

Distinguish features of Mollusca, using simple external recognition features

Back 14

Phylum: Mollusca (snails, slugs, octopus)

- bilateral symmetry with significant modification
- extremely varied group (closest to annelids)
- Body plan main features:
> foot, a muscular structure used for movement and burrowing
> central visceral mass containing all the organ structures (separate mouth and anus)
> mantle is a folded membrane structure that can surround other tissues and create a cavity containing a gill
- the mantle frequently secretes a calcareous shell

Front 15

Distinguish features of Anthropoda, using simple external recognition features

Back 15

Phlyum: Anthropoda ( Insects, Crustaceans, Spiders, Scorpions, Millipedes)

- 3 layer body plant with bilateral symmetry
- hard exoskeleton made of chitin
- joined body segments
- joined appendages
- some flying organisms in the class "Insecta"
- separate mouth and anus