Ib Intro To Digestion

Front 1

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 1

Back 1

stomach

Front 2

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 2

Back 2

anus

Front 3

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 3

Back 3

esophagus

Front 4

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 4

Back 4

gall bladder

Front 5

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 5

Back 5

pancreas

Front 6

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 6

Back 6

large intestine (colon)

Front 7

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 7

Back 7

small intestine

Front 8

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 8

Back 8

rectum

Front 9

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 9

Back 9

salivary gland

Front 10

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 10

Back 10

mouth

Front 11

Identify the following organ on the digestive system diagram: 11

Back 11

liver

Front 12

What is the path that a cellulose molecule would take through your digestive system?

Back 12

(Cellulose can't be digested by the human body so it becomes part of the feces) mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Front 13

What is the path that a glucose molecule would take through your digestive system?

Back 13

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (glucose is absorbed by the small intestine, so it doesn't go any further down the alimentary canal)

Front 14

What is the alimentary canal?

Back 14

The pathway that ingested molecules travel from the mouth to the anus. The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal plus associated organs (salivary gland, liver gall bladder, pancreas)

Front 15

Define digestion and say where it occurs

Back 15

breakdown of food into smaller molecules (mouth, stomach, small intestine)

Front 16

Define absorption and say where it occurs

Back 16

bringing the food molecules into the body tissues by passing them through a layer of cells for the first time (small intestine for most nutrients, water in both small and large intestine)

Front 17

Define assimilation and say where it occurs

Back 17

food molecules become part of the consumers body & molecules (througout body tissues; for example, if an amino acid that you got by digesting a carrat befomes part of an enzyme you are making in a muscle)

Front 18

Define elimination and say where it occurs

Back 18

Removal of undigested material from the body (at anus)

Front 19

What is the primary function of the stomach?

Back 19

Digestion of proteins

Front 20

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Back 20

Digestion of several types of molecules (more detail on other cards) and absorption of nutrients

Front 21

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Back 21

Absorption of water

Front 22

Why is digestion of large food molecules essential?

Back 22

Food contains many polymers and macromolecules too large to be taken into cells. Also, substances made by other organisms (there particular proteins or DNA, etc) may not be useful to the organism that eats them, so digestion produces monomers that the consumer rearranges into its own macromolecules that better suit its needs.

Front 23

Why are enzymes needed for digestion?

Back 23

Steps that use enzymes to speed up the reactions at body temperature that break down large molecules into smaller molecules by breaking chemical bonds. The faster speed of digestion is necessary to supply necessary nutrients fast enough to keep organisms alive. (be able to link this to your knowledge about how enzymes work by lowering activation energy and examples)

Front 24

Give the source, substrate, products, and optimum pH for one amylase

Back 24

Salivary amylase; salivary gland, starch; maltose; 7 (note: amylases break down carbohydrates, other examples are ok)

Front 25

Give the source, substrate, products, and optimum pH for one protease

Back 25

Pepsin; wall of stomach; polypeptides; smaller polypeptides; 1.5 (note: proteases break down proteins, other examples are ok)

Front 26

Give the source, substrate, products, and optimum pH for one lipase

Back 26

pancreatic lipase; pancreas; triglycerides; glycerol and fatty acids; 7 (note: lipases break down lipids, other examples are ok)

Front 27

How is the structure of the villus related to its role in absorption and transport of the products of digestion?

Back 27

1. villus – large surface area ((due to folding of the tissue) to increase efficiency of absorption of (soluble) food and to create increased surface area for digestion (e.g. disaccharides) 2. lacteal / lymphatic duct/vessel present – transport of fat/lipid that are absorbed at the villus; 3. Circular muscles and longitudinal muscles—antagonistic muscles that move food through the small intestine 4. Epithelial cells of villus—absorption of nutrients (more detail in future) 5. Goblet cells of villus (near base)—secrete mucus