Ib Biology Phyla

Front 1

Bryophyta

Back 1

Typically restricted to damp environments
Tiny stem, radially arranged leaves.
Roots absent, but anchored by hair-like rhizoids.
No vascular tissue or waxy cuticle on leaves.
Spore-containing capsule growa on the main plant on a long stalk.
Spore capsule may have an elaborate spore-dispersing valva mechanism.

Hint 1

mosses

Front 2

Filicinophyta

Back 2

• Has roots
• Non woody stems
• Divided leaves
• Height up to 20m
• Reproduction: sporangia contain reproductive spores.
• Has vascular tissue

Hint 2

Ferns

Front 3

Coniferophyta

Back 3

• Woody stems
• Waxy, narrow, needle-like leaves
• Vascular system
• Monoecious reproduction

Hint 3

Conifers and pines

Front 4

Angiospermophyta

Back 4

• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
• Vascular bundles
• Waxy cuticle
• Annual or perennial
• Reproduction: ovules in an enclosed carple structure, pollen grains produced from anthers.

Hint 4

Flowering plants and grasses

Front 5

Porifera

Back 5

• No body layers, just an aggregate of different cell types.
• Body plan built around water canals that circulate nutrients through the sponge for ingestion by specialised cells
• No mouth or anus.
• Lack any nervous system

Hint 5

Sponges

Front 6

Cnidria

Back 6

• 2 layer body plan
• Radial symmetry
• Jelly fish are mobiles, anemones and coral are sessile
• Secondary consumers with stinging cells
• Singe entrance that serves the cavity that functions as: circulation of respiratory gasses and nutrients.

Hint 6

Jelly fish, sea anemones, corals

Front 7

Platyhelminthes

Back 7

• 3 layer body plan
• One entrance to gut which has many folds.
• Unsegmented
• Largely parasitic
• Respiratory gasses diffuse easily through cells
• Often hermaphrodites

Hint 7

flatworms

Front 8

Annelida

Back 8

• 3 layers to body plan
• Bilateral symmetry
• Body divided into ringed segments
• Mouth and separate anus
• Skin surface used for gas exchange

Hint 8

Segmented worms

Front 9

Mollusca

Back 9

- soft flexible bodies with little or no segmentation
- shell
- head and flattened muscular foot
- gills or lungs for gas exchange
- radula for feeding

Hint 9

snails, muscles, limpets, mussels, octopuses

Front 10

Artrhopoda

Back 10

- segmented bodies with hard exoskeleton
- This exoskeleton is shed periodically
- Open blood circulation

Hint 10

crustaceans, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes, insects