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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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1) The Number of Chromosomes per Species is FIXED:
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Each species has a characteristic chromosome number. All are even.
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A mouse has 40, onion has 16, humans have 46 and a sunflower has 34.
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2) The Shape of a Chromosome is Characteristic:
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Centromeres always occur in the SAME position for certain chromosomes.
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The POSITION and LENGTH of a chromosome is how they are karyotyped from a photomicrograph.
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3) The Chromosomes of a cell occur in pairs called Homologous Pairs:
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Homologous means 'similar'. They resemble each other in STRUCTURE and contain the same sequence of genes.They occur in a DIPLOID CELL.
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One homologous chromosome comes for the PATERNAL half the other from the MATERNAL in the process of SEXUAL REPRODUCTION.
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4) Chromosomes hold the hereditary factors - genes:
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A gene is specific REGION of a chromosome which is capable of determining the development of a specific CHARACTERISTIC of an organism.
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A gene can be THOUSANDS of base pairs long.
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5) A particular Gene always occurs on the same Chromosome in the same Position:
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The position of a gene is called the LOCUS. Each gene has TWO or more forms, called ALLELES.
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The total of all genes present on an organism's chromosomes is its GENOME.
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1) Chromosomes Copy Themselves:
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In INTERPHASE (between nuclear divisions) chromosomes REPLICATE. Two identical CHROMATIDS are formed.
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These remain attached by centromeres until divided during NUCLEAR DIVISION (mitosis or meiosis II).
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