Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What two fluid flows in an adult?
|
Air and Blood
At rest: 5L of blood flows through pulmonary alveoli/min 4L of fresh air enters and leaves alveoli/min During exercise: Blood Flow: x5-6 Air Flow: x20 |
|
|
What makes up one respiratory cycle?
|
Inspiration + expiration
|
|
|
What kind of binding dictate O2-hemoglobin relationship?
|
Cooperative binding
|
|
|
What is the role of type 2 alveoli cells?
|
They secrete surfactant.
|
|
|
What is the role of type 1 cells in alveoli?
|
They make up the alveolar epithelium
|
|
|
What is the function of the fluid filled pleural sacs surrounding the lungs?
|
They allow sliding of the lungs while movements of the diaphragm and thoracic wall drive inspiration and expiration
|
|
|
What is the flow of airway branching in the lung?
|
trachea -> bronchi -> bronchiole -> terminal bronchiole -> resp bronchiole -> alveolar duct -> alveolar sacs
|
|
|
What is the chemical group that allows hemoglobin to carry O2?
|
Heme (2/hemoglobin)
*contains an Fe molecule at center |
|
|
What is hypoventilation?
|
alveolar ventilation cannot keep pace with CO2 production
|
|
|
What is hyperventilation?
|
alveolar ventilation is too great for the amount of CO2 being produced
|
|
|
What is henry's Law?
|
The amound of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas with which the liquid is in equilibrium
|
|
|
What is Dalton's Law?
|
In a mixture of gases, the pressure each gas exerts is independent of the pressure the others exert
|
|
|
What happens to hb in the lungs?
|
-Hb is converted to HbO2
-HbO2 then releases H+ -bicarbonate reconverted into carbonic acid then CO2 + H2O -CO2 diffuses into alveoli |
|
|
what factors lower Hb affinity for O2?
|
increased DPG, H+ and T
|
|
|
What are the two pleura surrounding the lungs?
|
parietal (outter) and visceral (inner)
*they easily slide over each other but are difficult to pull apart |
|
|
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
|
- provides oxygen
- eliminates CO2 - forms speeds sounds - regulates the blood's pH with kidneys - defends against microbes - influences arterial concentrations of chemical messengers by removing some from pulmonary capillary blood and producing and adding others to this blood - traps and dissolves blood clots arising from systemic veins |
|
|
What are the functions of the conducting zone of the airways?
|
- provides low resistance pathway for air-flow
-defends against microbes and other foreign material -warms and moistens air -phonates |
|
|
What are the effects of hyperventilatoin and hypoventilation on CO2 and O2 pressure?
|
hyper - higher O2 and lower CO2 levels at rest than normal
hypo - lower O2 and higher CO2 levels at rest than normal |
|
|
how is ventilation matched with blood flow in alveoli?
|
-decreased air flow to a region of the lung causes a decrease in Po2
-decreased Po2 causes vasoconstriction of pulmonary arterioles decreasing blood flow -decreased blood flow to a region of the lung causes decreased PCO2 -decreased Pco2 causes constriction of bronchioles thus decreasing air flow |
|
|
How is O2 transported within our blood?
|
it is bound to hemoglobin in RBCs
|
|
|
How is H+ transported in the tissues and lungs?
|
When HbO2 dissociates to become deoxy Hb, CO2 enters the blood and degenerates HCO3 and H+. The deoxy hb has affinity for H+
The Hb buffers the H+ |
|
|
How is CO2 transported in the blood?
|
- bicarbonate: 60%
- carbamino: 30% - physically dissolved: 10% |
|
|
How does the respiratory system protect against infection?
|
- air filtration
- oral and nasal cavities trap particles -bronchioles constriction -prevents irritation to passing to blood -local macrophages -engulf and destroy inhaled particles and bacteria |
|
|
How does the presence of hemoglobin affect oxygen diffusion?
|
draws O2 towards hb
|
|
|
How does the alveoli promote gas exchange?
|
Alveoli clusters include pulmonary capillaries that assure ventilated air is brought close to the pulmonary blood to promote gas exchange
|
|
|
How does gas exchange occur between alveoli and blood?
|
- the blood that enters pulmonary capillaries has high Pco2 and low Po2
- O2 diffuses from alveoli into blood - CO2 diffuses from blood to alveoli - Eqm is reached before end of capillaries |
|
|
how does carbamino buffering system work?
|
-CO2 binds to the globin part of hemoglobin
-deoxy Hb has greater affinity for CO2 than HbO2 -carbamino = HbCO2 |
|
|
how does bicarbonate buffering work?
|
CO2 + H2O <=> H2CO3 (carbonicacid) <=> HCO3 + H+ (bicarbonate ion)
|
|
|
How does a damaged lung compare to a normal lung in reaching CO2 and O2 eqm?
|
Damaged lung takes a longer time to reach eqm
-it must travel a longer distance along the capillary |
|
|
How are the lungs related to the thoracic wall?
|
- the thorax wall and diaphragm move to inflate and deflate the lungs
- thorax is bound by the neck, diaphragm muscle and thorax wall |
