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224 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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epicardium |
inner pericardial layer
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endocardium |
lining heart valves
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myocardium
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bulk layer of heart muscle
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pericardium
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heart surface vessel sac
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septum
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separates l/r right
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right atrium
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unoxygenated venous blood
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right ventricle
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pumps atrium blood to lungs
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left atrium
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oxygenated blood from lungs
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left ventricle
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pumps atrium blood to body
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valves
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one way chamber flow
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tricuspid valve
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prevents backflow to right atrium
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pulminary semilunar valve
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prevents backflow to right ventricle
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mitral valve
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prevents backflow to left atrium
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aortic semilunar valve
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prevents backflow to left ventricle
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pulmonary circuit
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carries blood to/from lungs
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systemic circuit
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carries blood to/from body
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systolic
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active contraction phase
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diastole
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resting phase
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sinoatrial node
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pacemaker
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endocarditis
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inflammation of heart lining
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myocarditis
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inflammation of heart muscle
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pericarditis
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inflammation of heart surface
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VSD
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ventrical septal defect
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ASD
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L/R atrial opening
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coarctation
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constricted thoracic aorta
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occlusion
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obstruction
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angina pectoris
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chest pain
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atherosclerosis
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plaque
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arteriosclerosis
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plaque causes loss of elasticity
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thrombosis
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stationary clot
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myocardial infarction
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heart attack
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embolism
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mobile clot
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degenerative heart disease
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deteriorated tissue
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murmur
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from valvular deficiency or stenosis
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valvular deficiency
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leaking valve
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stenosis
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narrowing
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commissurotomy
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surgical stenosis enlargement
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5 functions of blood
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respiration, nutrition, excretion, protection, regulation
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plasma
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liquid element of blood
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erythrocyte
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carries oxygen (R)
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leukocyte
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defense mechanism (W)
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platelets
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clotting mechanism
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Average blood volume
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12pts.
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anemia
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deficiency in size or shape
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leukemia
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high WBC
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hemophilia
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failure to clot
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artery
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elastic, oxygenated away
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vein
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stiff, deoxygenated toward, valvular
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capillaries
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exchange vessels
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venules
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vein branch
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vasoconstriction
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sympathetic response
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vasodilation
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parasympathetic response
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carotid
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l/r artery in neck
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aorta
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largest artery
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brachial
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arms artery
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radial
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forearm, wrist artery
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femoral
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thigh artery
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jugular
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cerebral vein
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vena cava
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superior and inferior dumps into heart
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saphenous
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leg veins
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tunica media
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involuntary muscle
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pulse
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contraction and dilation of arteries
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measuring pulse
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palpating wave of electricity
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temporal pulse
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side of head
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carotid pulse
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neck
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apical
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apex of heart (non-arterial)
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radial
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wrist pulse
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femoral
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groin pulse
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popliteal
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knee pulse
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pedal
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foot pulse
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average male pulse
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62-72
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average female pulse
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72-80
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average child pulse
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100-140
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tachycardia
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heartbeat over 100bpm
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bradycardia
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heartbeat under 60bpm
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intermittent
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occasional heart rate skip
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thready
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weak, scarce pulse
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arteriography
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looks for obstruction, clots
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ultrasound
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pulse heard through speaker
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venostasis
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slow blood flow
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opthalmoscope
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looks at vessels
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angiogram
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vessel x-ray
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thrombophlebitis
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inflamed thrombosis
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ligation
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vessel tourniquet
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embolectomy
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direct removal of clot
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varicose veins
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broken valves in veins
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aortic aneurysms
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weakening of vessels causing a sack
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causes of aneurysms
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arteriosclerosis, congenital, trauma, infection
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hemorrhage
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bleeding
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laparotomy
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opening of abdominal wall
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external hemorrhage
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visible blood
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internal hemorrhage
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pain and distension
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venous hemorrhage
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slow, steady, dark blood flow
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arterial hemorrhage
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spurting, bright blood flow
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capillary hemorrhage
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dotted, oozing blood flow
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temporal point
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pressure on temporal artery
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facial point
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pressure on facial artery
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neck point
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pressure on carotid artery
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upper arm point
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pressure on subclavian artery
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mid arm point
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pressure on brachial artery
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leg point
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pressure on femoral artery
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epistaxis
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nosebleed
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hematemesis
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vomiting blood: ulcer
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hematuria
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blood in urine: stones
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hemoptysis
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coughing blood: trachea
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hemothorax
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blood in pleural cavity: lungs
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hemostatic
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blood stopping agent: clamp, tie
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shock
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state of collapse due to circulatory failure
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hemorrhagic shock
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due to blood loss
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hypovolemic
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low blood volume
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traumatic shock
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severely wounded
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neurogenic shock
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nervous system failure
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psychogenic shock
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fainting
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psychogenic signs
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dizzy, weak, nausea
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cardiogenic shock
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inadequate heart function
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septic shock
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severe infection
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metabolic shock
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loss of bodily fluids
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anaphylactic shock
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severe allergic reaction
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anaphylactic causes
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ingested, stings, inhaled
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epinephrine
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life or death injection for anaphylactic shock
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respiratory shock
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insufficient oxygen in blood
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electric shock
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result of current passage
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hypoglycemic shock
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low blood sugar <70-100
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blood pressure
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force exerted by flow against walls
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pressure gradient
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declining pressure from arteries> veins> capillaries
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age factor
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lower BP in children
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sex factor
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females lower BP
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build factor
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fatties have high BP
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exercise factor
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temporary increase in BP
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pain & emotion factor
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increases BP proportionally
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disease factor
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circulatory and coronary effect elevate BP
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drug factor
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vasodilators increase BP
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hemorrhage factor
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lowers BP
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shock factor
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lowers pressure
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normal pressure range
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120/80
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systolic pressure
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arterial walls in left ventricle
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diastolic pressure
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valves close, heart releases
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SPHYGMOMANOMETER
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records arterial BP
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hypertension
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over 140/90
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primary hypertension
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exact cause unknown
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secondary hypertension
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definite cause
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hypertension effect
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enlarged heart
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intermittent claudication
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calf circulation
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epistaxis
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severe nosebleed
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ventilation
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movement and mixing of air
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alveoli
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air sacs of lungs
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respiration
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exchange of carbon and oxygen
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external respiration
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only in alveoli
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internal respiration
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gas exchange in cells
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eupnea
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normal breathing
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nasal cavity function
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filter, warm, moisten air
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nasopharynx
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behind nasal cavity
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oropharynx
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behind mouth
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laryngeal pharynx
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splits trachea and esophagus
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larynx
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voice box
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trachea
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windpipe
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bronchi
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main tubes of lung
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bronchioles
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terminals of bronchial tree
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lungs
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3 R lobes, 2 L lobes, 10 segments
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alveoli
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air sacs off bronchioles
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mediastinum
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space between lungs
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mediastinum contains
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heart, trachea, esophagus, thoracic veins, lymph nodes
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infant respiratory
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40-60 breaths
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child respiratory
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25 breaths
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adolescent respiratory
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20 breaths
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adult respiratory
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16-20 breaths
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elderly respiratory
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14-16 breaths
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pulse and breath count
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1 minute
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tachypnea
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rapid breathing
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bradypnea
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slow breathing
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hypopnea
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very shallow breathing
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polypnea
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panting, asthma
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hyperpnea
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deep breathing
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oligopnea
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shallow and slow breath: trauma/shock
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apnea
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cessation of respiration
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anoxia
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condition of oxygen lack
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respiratory distress syndrome
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hyaline membrane disease
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pneumonitis
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fluid, inflammation in lung
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C.O.P.D.
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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COPD ex:
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emphysema, asthma, bronchitis
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emphysema
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distended alveoli and chest from trapped carbon dioxide
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asthma
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spasm of the bronchioles causes wheezing
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bronchogenic
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originating in the bronchi
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lobar pneumonia
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caused by streptococcus
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atelectasis
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collapsed lung
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bronchal obstruction
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object, mucosal, surgery complications
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C.R.P.D.
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chronic restrictive pulmonary disease
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kyphoscoliosis
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abnormal curvature of the spine
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pectus excavatum
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funnel chest
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hemothorax
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blood in pleural cavity and lung collapse
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polyuria
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excessive urination
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nocturia
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nighttime urination
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anuria
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no urine
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xanthopia
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eye yellowing
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syndrome
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symptoms occurring together
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ileoplegia
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intestinal paralysis
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syndactylism
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webbing of fingers
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opthalmalgia
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eye pain
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laparotomy
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opening into abdomen
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dactylogram
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fingerprint
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sublingual
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under tongue
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tortuous
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twisting
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alopecia
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zero hair
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hidradenitis
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sweat gland inflammation
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caudal
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tail end
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hepatomeglia
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liver enlargement
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phlebitis
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vein inflammation
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hypoxia
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low oxygen
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hemothorax
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blood in pleural cavity
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bicuspid
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mitral valve
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pneumonectomy
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removal of lung
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lobectomy
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removal of lung lobe
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segmental resection
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removal of lung portion
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pneumocentesis
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puncture of lung
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thoracoplasty
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removal and rib revision
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thoracotomy
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surgical chest incision
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tracheotomy
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slicing trachea for tube insertion
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bronchogram
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via bronchoscope of tree and lungs
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mediastinoscopy
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suprasternal notch incision for scope
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thoracentesis
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chest puncture to remove air or fluid
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pulmonary 1st test
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anatomical evaluation
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pulmonary 2nd test
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effectiveness of alveolar diffusion |
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Bronchosopy
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Looks into bronchi and allows for instrument insertion
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Dyspenia
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Difficult or labored breathing
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