Ia Key Terms (Ia 100) Chp. 17

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Bilateral Agreements

Back 1

Exchanges between two states, such as arms control agreements, negotiated cooperatively to set ceilings on military force levels

Front 2

Multilateral Agreements

Back 2

Cooperative compacts among many states to ensure that a concerted policy is implemented toward alleviating a common problem, such as levels of future weapons capabilities.

Front 3

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)

Back 3

U.S.-Russian series of negotiations that began in 1993 and, with the 1997 START-III agreement pledged to cut the nuclear arsenals of both sides by 80 percent of the Cold War peaks in order to lower the risk of nuclear war.

Front 4

Antipersonnel landmines (APLs)

Back 4

Weapons buried below the surface of the soil that explode on contact with any person -- soldier or citizen -- stepping on them

Front 5

Peacekeeping

Back 5

Efforts by third parties such as the UN to intervene in civil wars and/or interstate wars or to prevent hostilities between potential belligerents from escalating, so that by acting as a buffer, a negotiated settlement of the dispute can be reached.

Front 6

Preventive Diplomacy

Back 6

Diplomatic actions taken in advance of a predictable crisis to precent or limit violence

Front 7

Peacemaking

Back 7

Process of diplomacy, mediation, negotiation or other forms of peaceful settlement that arranges an end to a dispute and resolves the issues that led to conflict

Front 8

Peace Building

Back 8

Postconflict actions, predominantly diplomatic and economic, that strengthen and rebuild governmental infrastructure and institutions in order to avoid renewed recourse to armed conflict.

Front 9

Selective Engagement

Back 9

A state or an IGO's choosing to intervene militarily in some situations but declining to do so in others

Front 10

Regional Collective Defense Regimes

Back 10

Collective security agreements by members of a geographic region to join together to prevent armed aggression by an expansionist state

Front 11

Economic Sanctions

Back 11

The punitive use of trade or monetary measures, such as embargoes, to harm a targeted adversary's economy in order to exercise influence over the target's policies

Front 12

Sanctions

Back 12

Punishment by one state against another to retaliate for its objectionable behavior and to make the target change its policies and practices

Front 13

Boycotts

Back 13

Concerted efforts, often organized internationally, to prevent transactions such as trade with a targeted country in order to express disapproval or to coerce acceptance of certain conditions.

Front 14

Democratic Peace Pact

Back 14

Theory that, because democratic states almost never fight wars with one another, the spread of democratic governance throughout the world will reduce greatly the probability of war.

Front 15

Logic of collective security

Back 15

1. All threats to peace must be a common concern to everyone.
2. Every member of the global system should join the collective security organization.
3. Members of the organization should pledge to settle their disputes through pacific means.
4. If a breach of the peace occurs, the organization should apply timely, robust sanctions to punish the aggressor.

Front 16

Limitations of collective security

Back 16

How to define "aggression" as well as how to share the costs and risks of mounting an organized response to aggressors.

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