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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pulmonary Ventilation |
Moving air in and out of the lungs |
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External Respiration |
O2 loading/CO2 unloading Gas exchanges in lungs |
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Internal Respiration |
O2 unloading/CO2 loading Gas exchanges in systemic capillaries |
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How are respiratory gases transported? |
Cardiovascular system uses blood to transport respiratory gas between lungs and tissue |
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Respiratory zone structures |
Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Respiratory bronchioles |
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Conducting structures/anatomical dead space |
Nasal passage Larynx Trachea |
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Larynx |
Voice box Connects pharynx to trachea |
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Pleura |
Double layered serous membrane sac |
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Digestive system functions |
Digestion Absorption Propulsion Elimination Mastication Ingestion Mixing Secretion |
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Digestion |
Breakdown of large organic molecules by mechanical and chemical means |
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Absorption |
Movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into circulation/lymphatic system |
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Propulsion |
Movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other (deglutition and peristalsis) |
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Elimination |
Removing waste products of digestion from the body |
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Mastication |
Mechanically breaking down food by the teeth in order to increase surface area of food particles |
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Ingestion |
Introduction of solid or liquid food into the stomach |
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Mixing |
Contractions move food back and forth with digestive tract to mix food with digestive secretions |
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Secretion |
Secretions added to lubricate/protect (mucus), liquefy (water), and digest (enzymes) the food |
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Stomach regions |
Cardiac Fundic Body Pyloric |
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Stomach function |
Site for temporary storage, mechanical and chemical breakdown |
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Parietal cells |
HCL |
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Chief cells |
Pepsinogen |
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Mucus neck cells |
Mucus |
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Small intestine parts |
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum |
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SI function |
Greatest amount of digestion and absorption |
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Where SI joins LI? |
Ileocecal junction |
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LI divisions |
Cecum Appendix Colon Rectum Anal canal |
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LI function |
Consolidate and propel unusable fecal matter toward anus for elimination |
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Accessory digestive organs |
Salivary glands Gallbladder Liver Pancreas |
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Gallbladder |
Stores bile when digestion is not occuring |
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Liver |
Largest digestive organ Produce bile |
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Pancreas |
Produces hydrolytic enzymes for secretion into the duodenum |
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Urinary system function |
Removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body |
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Kidney function (regulate) |
Regulate the volume and chemical composition of the blood |
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Kidney function (maintain) |
Maintain proper acid-base, electrolyte and fluid balances of the blood |
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Kidney function (filter) |
Filter and process the blood, allowing toxins, metabolic wastes and excess ions to exit the body as urine |
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Kidney function (retain) |
Retain necessary substances and return them to the blood to circulate throughout the body |
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Major components of the urinary system |
Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra |
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Renal cortex |
Outermost region of the kidneys |
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Renal medulla |
Deep inside cortex, divided into renal pyramids |
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Renal papilla |
Base of each renal pyramid which faces outward |
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Renal columns |
Tissue between renal pyramids |
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Renal pelvis |
Cup-like structure that's continuous with ureter |
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Major calyces |
Section of renal pelvis that points inward toward pyramids |
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Minor calyces |
Section of major calyces that enclose the apex of the pyramid to collect urine |
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Nephron |
Functional unit of the kidney |
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Glomerulus |
Knot of capillaries |
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Bowman's capsule |
Cup-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus |
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Where does reabsorption of substances in the filtrate occur? |
Proximal and distal convoluted tubules |
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Papillary ducts |
Carry urine to the pyramidal papilla then to minor calyx |
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Ureter |
Carries urine to bladder for storage |
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Submandibular glands |
Secrete mucin and serous under the tongue |
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Villi |
Projections of mucosa that increase the surface area of the duodenum |
