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21 Cards in this Set

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Caliph
Head of state in a Caliphate.

Also, the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah.

"Successor"
Gharbzadegi
Persian term meaning “Westoxification.”

Refers to the loss of Iranian Cultural identity through the adoption and imitation of Western models and criteria in education, the arts, and culture.
Hajj
Pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Largest pilgrimage in the world, and is the 5th pilar of Islam, a religious duty. It must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so.
Hijaab
Head covering worm traditionally by muslim women.

Means “curtain” or “cover” in Arabic.
Islamic Feminism
form of feminism concerned with the role of women in Islam. Aims for full equality regardless of gender in public and private life. Women’s rights, gender equality and social justice.
Kemalism
Known as "The six arrows.”

Principles that define the basic characteristics of the Republic of Turkey.

Secularism and reformism are included in the ideologies.
Khomeini
Iranian religious leader and politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. Following the revolution and a national referendum, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader—a position created in the constitution as the highest ranking political and religious authority of the nation—until his death.
Kurdistan
geo-cultural region where the Kurds form a prominent majority population
Nakba
1948 Palestinian exodus. Over 700,000 Palestinians fled their homes during civil war.
Nasserism
Arab nationalist political ideology based on the thinking of Egyptian President Nasser. Nationalist movement.
Orientalism
Term used by westerners to depict Eastern Cultures. False assumptions underlying Western attitudes towards the Middle East. (Book by Said)
Pahlavi
Dynasty that ruled Iran between 1925- 1979
PKK
Kurdish militant organization which has fought an armed battle against the Turkish State for autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights for the Kurds in Turkey
Qur'an
“Recitation”

Religious text of Islam. The Qur’an is believed to be verbally revealed through the angel, Jibril from God to Muhammad over 23 years beginning in 630 CE
Shahnameh
“Book of Kings.” Written by Persian poet, Ferdowsi around 1000 AD. Tells the mythical and historical past of Iran.
Sivan Perwer
Kurdish Poet born in 1955 in Turkey. Fled Turkey in 1976 because of his music, and currently lives in exile. His songs site oppression against Kurdish people.
Ummah
Arabic word meaning “community” or “nation.” Pertains to collective nation states or the entire Arab world.
Zionism
Jewish political movement that has supported self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish homeland.
Zionists
believe that Israel is the national homeland of the Jews and legitimize focus for the Jewish national self-determination
Gay International
Basically, because the west has such strong views on what heterosexual means, anything outside of those lines are considered "gay" or "not normal." In the Middle East, there were no strict definitions for "gay" and it was not spoken about and drawn attention to.
Massad is blaming the west for imposing our strict standards of what a straight white male should look and act like, and anything outside of those norms is the opposite of heterosexual.
Mohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlav
Shah of Iran from 1919-1980.

Created the "White Revolution" which was a series of economic and social reforms intended to transform Iran into a global power, succeeded in modernizing the nation, nationalizing many natural resources, and extending suffrage to women.