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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epistemology is the branch of Philosophy concerned with what?
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The nature and scope of knowledge. What is knowledge and how do we acquire it? How do we know what we know? What is truth?
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What does Descartes dream argument state?
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That we cannot know that we are not always dreaming.
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According to Descartes dream argument, are we able to rely on our senses to acquire knowledge of the external world?
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No, due to the simple fact that we cannot be certain that what we are sensing is in fact real.
For example – You cannot tell if all the paintings are forgeries or not. |
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Define the Inquiry Method.
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The Inquiry Method is simply the way of teaching someone through asking them questions, and attempting to have them answer the questions themselves through discovery and inquiry.
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What is censorship? And what is the purpose of it?
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Censorship is the control of information in a society. It can be done for the reasons of the state wanting to control you, or for protection of certain people, such as shielding young children from violent video games.
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Is censorship considered effective?
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Overall, censorship is not effective, especially with video games, and can even add more weight to wanting to do something, such as the banning of Marijuana makes it more desirable to certain people.
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What is the main concern of Cartesian Skepticism?
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Our knowledge of the external world.
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What is the main argument behind Cartesian Skepticism?
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We cannot be certain of anything as we cannot be certain that we are being deceived.
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What is the main concept of Rationalism?
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Rationalists believe that we cannot trust our senses, and have claimed that we are born with several fundamental concepts or categories in our minds ready for use. Meaning a priori, or priori knowledge.
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What is the main concept of Empiricism?
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Empiricists have always claimed that sense experience is the ultimate starting point for all our knowledge. The senses, they maintain, give us all our raw data about the world, and without this raw material, there would be no knowledge at all.
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What similar concepts do Rationalism and Empiricism have?
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They both attempted to understand the world in small parts, and Empiricists likely did not fully trust the senses like Rationalists.
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Does the Naturalistic view focus on understanding as a whole or breaking something down to understand it?
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Naturalism focuses on understanding something as a whole.
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What type of research do Naturalists prefer?
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Interviews, Observations, Focus Groups, and so forth. Research that is more interactive with what is being studied. They prefer the more descriptive sort of explanations.
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What does Positivism prefer to do to understand something?
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Break it down into pieces to understand it. They believe we are able to break the world down into smaller pieces and understand it.
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What type of research do Positivists prefer?
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Surveys, Questionnaires, and Objective Assessments. They prefer learning from numbers, and drawing relationships between things with numbers.
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Do naturalists believe that experience is the key to learning?
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Yes they do, they very much prefer experiencing things for themselves and learning through that.
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What is Gnostic Learning?
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Gnostic learning is simply learning through diagnostically breaking down something, and learning step by step. For example, one would learn how to tie their shoes by first crossing the laces, and so forth.
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What is Pathic Learning?
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Pathic learning is learning something as a whole and through feeling, and attempting to understand it as a whole instead of breaking it down into pieces. For example, in karate kid the “wax on, wax off” metaphor is used to teach the student blocking.
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What is the main argument behind Race being a social construct?
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In order to classify humans into certain groups, the definition must apply to every single human in that group. And if it does not the definition is just showing anomalies.
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What is the main argument behind Race being a scientific construct?
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Race is a feature of humans. It has been specifically correlated to other physical and mental characteristics that are explicitly linked to the subject of race. Races help to categorize people in order to progress our understanding of human development.
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What is a Philosophical Assumption?
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A philosophical assumption is coming to a conclusion based on having a background and knowledge of a particular subject or discipline.
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What is A Priori?
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A claim is justified as a priori if the reasons for thinking it true are independent of experience.
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What is A Posteriori?
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A claim is justified as a posteriori if the reasons for thinking it true are dependent on experience.
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