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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the hypothalamus part of? |
Diencephalon |
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Where does the hypothalamus lie between? |
Between the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres |
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The Hypothalamus receives input from.. |
Sensory neurons visceral neurons circulating hormones |
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What does the hypothalamus control? |
Body homeostasis- maintains equilibrium of blood pressure, body temp. |
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what is the hypothalamus the centre of? |
It is the centre for integration of hormonal and autonomic nervous activity. |
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We know that the hypothalamus forms part of the diencephalon, but what system does it belong to in the brain? |
The limbic system |
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What is the role of the limbic system? |
Learning and memory behaviour adaptation emotions |
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What is in the pre-optic region of the hypothalamus? |
Lateral pre optic nucleus medial pre optic nucleus |
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What is the pre optic region responsible for? |
Gonadotropic releasing hormone sexual arousal appetite reproduction |
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What is in the suprachiasmic region? |
Paraventricular nucleus supraoptic nucleus Anterior nucleus suprachiasmatic nucleus |
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What is the role of the suprachiasmic region? |
Secrete ADH, oxytocin Transported via axons to posterior pituitary (hypophysis) |
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What is the role of the anterior nucleus? |
Regulates thrist |
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What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus? |
Body temperature circadian rhythms |
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What is in the Tuberal region? |
Ventromedial nucleus Arcuate nucleus |
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What is the role of the ventromedial nucleus? |
Satiety (feeling of being full) |
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What is the role of the arcuate nucleus? |
Regulates prolcatin and growth hormone beta endorphin for pain |
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What is in the posterior (mamillary) region? |
Lateral hypothalamic nucleus (and MFB) |
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What is the role of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus? |
Hypocretin (orexin) Narcolepsy, reward |
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How do circulating hormones affect the hypothalamus? |
via circumventricular organs |
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TRUE OR FALSE: The hypothalamus receives input from visceral senses |
TRUE- nucleus of the solitary tract- taste |
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What are circumventricular organs? |
Brain regions near ventricles that lack a blood-brain barrier. |
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What are examples of circumventricular organs? |
subfornical organ OVLT Median eminence Area postrema |
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TRUE OR FALSE: circumventricular organs are not vesicularised |
FALSE- they are highly vesicularised |
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What are cicumventricular organs influenced by? |
circulating hormones, osmotic changes, substances in CSF, afferent fibres from other parts of the nervous system |
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What do circumventricular organs secrete? |
glycoproteins, hormones into the peripheral vascular system |
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What 3 major systems is the hypothalamus involved in |
Autonomic system Endocrine system (HPA- hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis) Motivation system |
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What parts of the autonomic system does the hypothalamus regulate? |
Cardiovascular- blood flow, vasoconstriction/dilation Thermoregulatory- shivering, panting Visceral- stomach acid secretion |
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How does the hypothalamus control parts of the endocrine system? |
They control the pituitary gland- posterior and anterior pituitary gland |
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How does the hypothalamus control the posterior pituitary gland? |
neurohypophysis- release of neurohormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) synthesised in the hypothalamic nuclei |
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How does the hypothalamus control the anterior pituitary gland? |
adrenohypophysis- synthesis of hormones that regulate adrenal, thyroid, gonadal function and which regulate growth and lactation |
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What are the two ways to the pituitary? |
2 NEUROHORMONES oxytocin- lactations, suppress hypothalamic function vasopressin- regulate blood vol. and salt concentration |
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The secretory hypothalamus |
Communication between kidneys and brain |
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What does the secretory hypothalamus control? |
Anterior pituitary control |
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What are the mechanisms involved in anterior pituitary control? |
parvocellular neurosecretory cells- they secrete hypophysiotropic hormones hypothalamiopituitary portal stimulation- pituitary cells secrete or stop secreting hormones |
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What is involved in the stress response of the secretory hypothalamus? |
Periventricular hypothalamus secretes CRH into portal circulation ACTH released into circulation ACTH stimulates cortisol release from adrenal cortex |
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What is the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)? |
Hypothalamus--> Anterior pituitary-->adrenals--> cortisol (glucocorticoids) |
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In addition to the 3 systems that the hypothalamus is involved with, what is the other area that it is involved in? |
Adaptive emotional behaviour |
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What is oxytocin's role in the regulation of behaviour? |
Improves social memory |
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What do researchers describe stockholm syndrome as? |
a survival strategy- perception that survival depends on total surrender and compliance |
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How do hypothalamic lesions affect sleep? |
The circadian pattern is influenced by the hypothalamus so lesions would cause disturbances in sleep pattern |
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The hypothalamus is the centre for eating and drinking. What does the lateral hypothalamus secrete? |
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) Orexin Both stimulate appetite and reduce metabolic rate |
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What does the stimulation of neuropeptide Y induce |
Frantic eating |
