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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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zones |
-periventricular zone: thin sheet of neurons -medial zone: mammillary region, tuberal region, supraoptic region, and preoptic area; each region contains several nuclei -lateral zone: diffuse collection of neurons (cont. of RF?) |
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MFB and DLF |
median forebrain bundle and dorsal longitudinal fasiculus -collateral branches of somatosensory, visceral sensory, and taste carry info to the RF --> MFB and DLF --> hypothalamus -bidirectional: carries info back to RF, so allows hypothalamus to organize activities in visceral and somatic motor systems |
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SCN |
suprachiasmatic nucleus -in supraoptic area of hypothalamus -receives input from optic chiasm and thalamic nuclei dealing with light signals -contains a circadian clock -gets signals representing the presence of light to help regulate out circadian cycles to correspond to day and night |
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cognitive information to and from hypothalamus |
-hippocampus via the fornix --> mammillary bodies -amygdala via the stria terminalis and the ventral amygdalar pathway -these pathways are bidirectional -cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex enter via anterior fibers -hypothalamus --> mammillary body --> anterior nucleus of thalamus --> cingulate -hypothalamus --> lateral zone --> MD thalamus --> frontal cortex |
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pathways controlling pituitary function |
-supraoptic-hypophyseal tract: supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei --> post. pituitary (oxytocin or ADH release) -tubero-infundibular tract: arcuate and supraorbital area nuc. --> infundibulum --> releasing hormones released into capillary plexus --> ant. pituitary --> pituitary hormone release |
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hypothalamus functions |
regulate: -circulatory dynamics -energy metabolism -reproductive activity -growth -stress -circadian timing |
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hypothalamic control of blood volume and pressure and HR |
-stretch receptors on aorta and heart + chemoreceptors in carotid sinus travel in vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve respectively -synapse in solitary nucleus --> DLF and MFB --> paraventricular nucleus --> ADH or oxytocin |
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hypothalamic control of growth, reproduction, energy metabolism, lactation, and stress via endocrine system |
-releasing hormones into infundibulum capillary bed that feeds into portal vein to anterior lobe of pituitary -causes glandular activity in pituitary, which releases hormones into general circulation -e.g. paraventricular nuc. releases TRH --> ant. pituitary --> release TSH to stimulate thyroid |
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hypothalamic control of blood osmolarity homeostasis |
-neurons in areas of the brain lacking blood brain barrier monitor blood osmolarity (e.g. part of the lamina terminalis) -send axons to supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei -cells in the supraoptic-hypophyseal tract will react; secrete ADH if hyperosmotic, oxytocin if hypo |
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hypothalamic control stress |
-hypothalamus releases CRH (coritcotrophin releasing hormone) into infundibulum causing pituitary release of ACTH -ACTH stimulates glucocorticoid (cortisol) hormone release from adrenal cortex -induces stress response: use glycogen, inc. HR and BP, dec. immune response (inflammation and cytokine production) |
