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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three functions of hypothalamus?
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1)limbic
2) endocrine 3) autonomic |
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What are the specialized features of the hypothalamus?
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blood monitoring capabilities
-fenestrated capillaries -osmoreceptors -glucoreceptors 2)feedback loops for anterior and posterior pituitary |
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Where are the osmoreceptors and glucoreceptors in the hypothalamus?
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osmoreceptors-supraoptic nucleus
glucoreceptors - ventromedial nucleus |
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What are the components of the hypothalamus??
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ventrally (under brain) - tuber cinereum and median eminence which opens into pituitary stalk with the mamillary body caudal
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What is around the hypothalamus?
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anterior-lamina terminalis, optic chiasm,
around it - ventral portion of third ventricle |
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What are the two ways you can divide the hypothalamus?
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1) anterior-tuberal-posterior
2) periventricular - lateral- |
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Whats the anterior region?
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anterior - rostral - preoptic, suprachiasmatic, supraoptic, paraventricular, sexually dimorphic
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Whats in tuberal region?
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location: above tuber cinereum/infundibulum
nuclei: dorsomedial, ventromedial, lateral hypothalamic area, arcuate |
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Whats in the posterior region?
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posterior hypothalamic area
mamillary complex |
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What is more clustered or diffuse the periventricular zone or the lateral zone?
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periventricular zone - clustered
lateral zone- more diffuse |
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What are the nuclei that help the hypothalamus control the endocrine system? (5)
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1) paraventricular
2)preoptic 3) arcuate 4) supra optic 5) suprachaismatic |
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What rleases the releasing hormones and dopamine? (3)
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paraventicular, preoptic and arcuate
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Where are releasing factors released into hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system?
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arcuate nucleus
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What is the sexually dimorphic area?
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preoptic nucleus thats three times larger in males than females
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What produces oxytocin and vasopressin? (2)
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supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
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What is the biological clock?
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suprachiasmatic nucleus which lies immediately above the optic chiasm and receives retinal input
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What system does the anterior and posterior nuclei of the thalamus regulate?
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symapthetic - posterior
parasympathetic - anterior |
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What effects does the posterior nuceli have on C.O., BP, vasculature, GI perstalsis, heat?
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sympathetic
CO-accelerate BP - elevate vasculature - vasoconstrict GI - cessation thermal - heat conservation |
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What effect does the anterior nuclei have on C.O., BP, vasculature, GI peristalsis and heat?
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parasympathetic
CO-decreases BP - lowered vasculature - vasodilate GI - increases thermal - hyperthermia |
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What nuclei of the hypothalamus have effect on food intake?
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1)dorsomedial
2)ventromedial 3)laterla nuclei |
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What is the satiety center?
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ventromedial nuclei
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What happens if you have a lesion in the ventromedial nuclei?
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obesity and rage
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What is the appetite stimulating center?
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lateral nuclei
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What happens if you lesion the lateral thalamic nuceli?
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loss of appetite
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What is the area involved in food intake regulation?
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lateral nuclei which has receptors for leptn
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What is the action for leptin?
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reduce appetite
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How is the hypothalamus involved in the limbic system?
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integrates behavioral and emotional responses arising from the limbic system with autonomic functions to produce integrated/coordinated autonomic control and behavior
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What is the structure that ties the hypothalamus into the limbic system?
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mamillary complex,
input: hippocampus via fornix output: anterior thalamus via mamillothalamic tract |
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What is Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome?
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hemmorhages in mamillary nuclei that cause anterograde amnesia
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What are the afferent connections of the hypothalamus? (6)
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1)fornix -precomissural bundle and post comissural bundles
2) medial forebrain bundle 3) ventral norepinephrine bundle 4) amygdala - stria terminalis and ansa peduncularis 5) retinal fibers 6) GVA and SVA from solitary nuclei via mamillary peduncle |
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What are the efferent connections of the hypothalamus?
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1)mamillary bodies- mamillothalamic and mammilotegmental
2) dorsal longitudinal fasiculus to brainstem 3)hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract 4) hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal |
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Which of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal systems go to anterior vs posterior lobe?
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posterior - hypothalamohypopjhyseal tract
anterior - hypothalamohypophyseal portal |
