Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the pneumonic for tissues derived from neural crest cells?
|
MOTEL PAASS
M- melanocytes O- odontoblasts T- tracheal cartilage E- enterochromaffin cells L- laryngeal cartilage P- parafollicular cells, pseudounipolar cells A- all ganglia, adrenal medulla S- schwann cells S- spiral membrane |
|
|
What is the only pituitary hormone under inhibition all the time?
|
prolactin
|
|
|
What stimulates PRL release?
|
nipple stimulation
|
|
|
What inhibits PRL release?
|
dopamine
|
|
|
What are the 4 dopamine agonists used to treat Parkinson's?
|
L-dopa/carbidopa, bromocriptine, selegyline, amantidine
|
|
|
How does selegyline work?
|
it increases extracellular dopamine by selectively inhibiting MAO-B
|
|
|
What is the class of drugs that blocks dopamine (D-2 rec)?
|
phenothiazines
|
|
|
What do all the phenothiazines end in?
|
"azine"
|
|
|
What is used for antiemetics in adults?
|
prochlorperazine
|
|
|
What is the most common antiemetic in children?
|
promethazine
|
|
|
What phenothiazine is used for antipsychotic treatment?
|
thioridazine
|
|
|
What is the major side effect of thioridazine?
|
pigment retinopathy
|
|
|
Where is the chemotactic trigger zone?
|
under the 4th ventricle- called the area postrema
|
|
|
Haloperidol is what kind of drug?
|
dopamine blocker
|
|
|
What is haloperidol used for?
|
antipsychotic, schizophrenia, psycosis
|
|
|
What is the 4 four rules for antipsychotics?
|
4 h acute dystonia, 4 d akinesia, 4 wk akathisia, 4 mon tardive dyskinesia
|
|
|
When would you choose an atypical for treatment?
|
if the patient has had extrapyramidal side effects before
|
|
|
What is the 3 atypical pneumonic?
|
It's not atypical for OLd CLOsets to RISPER
olnazapine, clozapine, risperidone |
|
|
What does toxicity of clozapine cause?
|
agranulocytosis and seizures
|
|
|
What are the side effects of olanzapine?
|
weight gain and diabetes
|
|
|
What can resperidone cause?
|
neuroleptic anesthesia
|
|
|
What is the most common pituitary tumor?
|
nonfunctional (chromophobic) adenoma
|
|
|
What is the most common functional pituitary tumor?
|
prolactinoma
|
|
|
What are ALL pituitary tumors associated with?
|
high prolactin levels
|
|
|
High PRL causes what?
|
galactorrhea and amenorrhea
|
|
|
What 2 hormones does high PRL levels inhibit?
|
GnRH and TRH
|
|
|
In utero, what does the thyroid control?
|
hormones, growth, differentiation
|
|
|
After birth, what does the thyroid control?
|
only growth
|
|
|
What is the #1 cause of hypothyroidism?
|
iodine deficiency
|
|
|
What is the #1 cause of hypothyroidism in women?
|
Hashimoto's
|
|
|
What are the markers for Hashimoto's?
|
antithyroglobulin and antiperoxidase
|
|
|
What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?
|
give T4 (thyroxine) or T3 (L-thyronine)
|
|
|
Parkinson's is caused by what?
|
deterioration of neurons in the substantia nigra
|
|
|
What is the pneumonic for treatment of Parkinson's?
|
BALSA
B- bromocriptine A- amantidine L- L-dopa/carbidopa S- selegiline A- benztropine (antimuscarinic) |
|
|
What are the 3 growth periods for a child?
|
0-2
4-7 puberty |
|
|
What is the #1 cause of hyperthyroidism?
|
Grave's
|
|
|
How old are Grave's patients?
|
< 50
|
|
|
What are the markers for graves disease?
|
antiTSH
|
|
|
What causes hyperthyroidism in people > 50?
|
plummer's syndrome- toxic multinodular goiter
|
|
|
What is seen in Plummer's Syndrome?
|
one hot area of iodine uptake
|
|
|
What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?
|
propanolol- to treat high HR
propylthiouracil- blocks peroxidation methimazole- blocks peroxidation I-131- destroys thyroid tissue thyroxine- thyroid hormone replacement |
|
|
What thyroid treatment would you give to pregnant women? Which would you not?
|
propylthiouracil- to prego
methimazole- not to prego |
