Hypertension And Peripheral Vascular Disease

Front 1

Primary hypertension is possible but unusual and it is usually secondary to another disease

Back 1

Pediatric Hypertension

Front 2

You begin taking blood pressure on children as a routine assessment starting at age ____

Back 2

3

Front 3

You always have to rule out __________ causes of hypertension in children

Back 3

Secondary

Front 4

If BP of a child is elevated, you need to take BP in the upper and lower _______

Back 4

extremeties

Front 5

If _________ of the aorta is present BP is low in lower extremeties

Back 5

Coarctation

Front 6

You check a ______ specimen to check protein, rbc and wbc

Back 6

urine

Front 7

You should always check _____ and do a renal sono if hypertension in child is present

Back 7

Lipids

Front 8

Management for primary hypertension is ________ loss and increased _________

Back 8

Weight Loss
Increased Activity

Front 9

If medications are neededyou should expect to give an _____ inhibitor, _____ blockers or diuretic

Back 9

Ace Inhibitor
Beta Blocker

Front 10

Symptoms of hypertension in children are ________ present

Back 10

Rarely

Front 11

______ parents to long term consequences is the key to success

Back 11

Educating

Front 12

Hypertension occurs most often in people between the age of _____ and ______ with risk increasing with age

Back 12

25 and 55

Front 13

Dx of hypertension in adults is with 2 BP on 2 different occasions of ____/____, or a single BP of more than _____/____

Back 13

140/90
210/120

Front 14

No identifiable cause for elevated BP which makes up 90% of all cases

Back 14

Essential Hypertension

Front 15

_______ hypertension is when a definable cause for BP elevation

Back 15

Secondary

Front 16

Normal BPis

Back 16

less than 120/80

Front 17

Prehypertension is

Back 17

120-139/80-89

Front 18

Stage 1 hypertension is

Back 18

140-159/90-99

Front 19

Stage 2 hypertension is

Back 19

160-179/100-109

Front 20

Stage 3 hypertension is

Back 20

180-209/ 100-109

Front 21

Stage 4 hypertension is

Back 21

210+/120+

Front 22

BP=____ output X peripheral vascular resistance

Back 22

cardiac

Front 23

Monitor arterial pressures respond to increased BP by causing vasodilation

Back 23

Arterial Baroreceptors

Front 24

Excess ______ cause an increase in BP

Back 24

Fluid

Front 25

When ______ function is normal the body senses the increase in BP and diuresis occur making the pressure fall

Back 25

Kidney

Front 26

Decreased blood flow to the kidney or decreased BP causes angiotension 1 to be released causin ___________ and increased BP

Back 26

Vasoconstriction

Front 27

________ receptors control vasoconstriction and pupil dilation

Back 27

Alpha

Front 28

This increases the heart rate and contractility and cause release of renin from the kidney

Back 28

Beta-1

Front 29

This is found in the lungs, arterioles, liver and uterus. It regulates bronchial diameter, arterial diameter and glycogenesis

Back 29

Beta-2

Front 30

Alpha recepters, Beta-1 and Beta-2 are adrenergic receptors and is stimulated by _______________

Back 30

norepinephrine

Front 31

This is associated with endothelial dysfunction and vessel wall thickening

Back 31

Insulin Resistance

Front 32

When insulin resistance is impared the ________ function is altered and angiotension II activity is increased

Back 32

Renal

Front 33

There are often ____ symptoms of hypertension

Back 33

NO

Front 34

Posterior headache which is present in the morning but resolving as the day progress, fatigue, confusion, nausea, vomiting and visual changes

Back 34

Symptoms of hypertension

Front 35

Persistant ________ or ___________ hypertension causes narrowing of arterioles, hemorrhage, exudates of retina and papilledema

Back 35

Untreated or uncontrolled

Front 36

These are _________ changes in Hypertension:
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Renal Insufficiency
TIA or stroke
MI
CHF
Aortic dissection
Perpherial Artery Disease
Sudden death
Changes to the eye

Back 36

Physical

Front 37

When getting a history you need to get:
____ HX
Social Habits
Medication
Exercise Habits

Back 37

Family

Front 38

If you have hypertension you should have an _____ _____ done at every visit

Back 38

Eye Exam

Front 39

You also need to do an ________ assessment, check heart sounds, BP and check extremeties for edema

Back 39

Arterial

Front 40

EKG
Renal Function
Chlorestoral Check
UA
Chest Xray, ct mri

Back 40

Labs and diagnostic testing

Front 41

Regular monitoring and recognition of elevated BP reading, ________ modifications and medication

Back 41

Lifestyle

Front 42

When doing a nursing assessment to get hx you do:
Asses for presence of S&S of hypertension
BP measurements
________ assessment
Pulses
UA
Annual eye exam

Back 42

Cardiac

Front 43

You need to ______ your patient how to live with their disease, and how to understand it is the single mos important thing you can do for them

Back 43

Teach

Front 44

You need to teach the patients:
___ _____ of medications
Take meds regulary
Lifestyle changes
Warning signs and symptoms
When to call MD or 911
BP monitoring at home
Involve other family members

Back 44

Side effects

Front 45

BP >200/>150

Back 45

Malignant hypertension

Front 46

Caused by sudden cessation of meds, renal disease or in someone with poorly controlled HTN

Back 46

Malignant Hypertension

Front 47

Treatment for malignant hypertension must be rapid to avoid _____ damage or death

Back 47

organ

Front 48

Fast acting meds for malignant hypertension are

Back 48

Nitropursside

Front 49

Treatment goal for malignant hypertension is to reduce BP by no more than _____ the first minutes to 2 hours.
The BP needs to be down to 160/100 over 2-6 hours

Back 49

25%

Front 50

BP should be monitored every ___ to ____ minutes

Back 50

5-30

Front 51

In someone with malignant hypertension you always need to monitor _____ to assess for end organ damage.

Back 51

labs

Front 52

this leads too:
IRREVERSIBLE RENAL AND OR CARDIAC FAILURE
Encephalopathy
headache
dizziness
confusion
visual changes
papiledema

Back 52

untreated hypertension

Front 53

If a patient is hospitalized with hypertension you need to take vitals every 4 hours, _____ and especially DAILY ______ because that is the best indicator of increased fluid retention, meaning decreased cardiac function and renal perfussion

Back 53

I&O's
Weights

Front 54

These are the labs you should monitor

Back 54

BUN
creatinine
electrolytes
urine specific gravity
H&H