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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the pathology of Hypertension?
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Consistent elevation of diastolic B/P above 90.
Heredity Sodium and water retention Altered renin-angiotension mechanism Stress |
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What is the cause of Hypertension?
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Primary: genetics, accounts for 90% of all Hypertension
Secondary: kidney disease-from a known cause such as glomerulonephritis, Cushing’s or renal |
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Complications of Hypertension:
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Atherosclerosis
Athlerosclerotic vascular occlusion a) coronary artery disease b) occlusive cerebrovascular c) peripheral arterial insufficiency d) rigidity of the aorta Aortic dissection End organ disease Nephrosclerosis Cardiac hypertrophy and congestive heart failure Cerebral hemorrhage |
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Hypertension: who highest risk:
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African American male, older more risk
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Signs & symptoms of Hypertension?
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high B/P
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If have hypertension, worry about what?
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stroke
??orthostatic |
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Treatment of Hypertension?
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ACE Inhibitor (diuretic)
diet: no salt First cholesterol lower meds were bile sequestration medications - Cholestyramine (Questran) - had lots of side effects Newer cholesterol and more popular meds fall into two basic categories: Fibrates (including gemfibrozil [Lopid] and clofibrate) Statins (such as lovastatin and provastatin). STATINS Lovastatin (Mevacor), Simvastatin (Zocor), Pravastatin (Pravachol), Fluvastatin (Lescol) Interfere with the liver's ability to make cholesterol. Cause abnormal liver function in about two percent of the patients. Small incidence of muscle inflammation Fewer reports of side effects with Pravastatin |
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Hypertension: How does ACE Inhibitor work?
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Inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.[2] They, therefore, lower arteriolar resistance and increase venous capacity; increase cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke work, and volume; lower renovascular resistance; and lead to increased natriuresis (excretion of sodium in the urine). Renin will increase in concentration in the blood due to negative feedback of conversion of AI to AII. Angiotensin I will increase for the same reason. AII will decrease. Aldosterone will decrease. Bradykinin will increase due to less inactivation that is done by ACE enzyme.
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