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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypernatremia-145
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risk factors;
1.diarrhea 2excess salt intake 3.heat stroke 4. hyperventilation 5. loss of fluids 6. water deprivation maifestations: 1.convulsions 2.decrease LOC 3. disorientation 4. fatigue 5.thirst 6. tongue,dry& red,swollen 7.weakness |
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hyponatremia-<135
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risk factors:
1. aids 2. diuretics 3.drinking water 4.excess iv d5w 5.gi fluid loss 6. head injury 7.hypotonic tube feedings 8. malignant tumors 9. sweating manifestations: 1. abd cramps 2.anorexia 3.apprehension 4. coma 5.confusion 6.headache 7.lethargy 8. muscle twithching 9. nausea 10. seizures 11. vomiting |
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hypokalemia-<3.5
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risk factors:
1.diarrhea 2.diuretics 3. gastric suctioning 4. heavy perspiration 5. hyperaldosteronism 6. vomiting manifestations: 1. abg's may show alkalosis 2. anorexia 3. cardiac disrhythmia 4. decreased bowel sounds 5. fatigue 6. leg cramps 7. lethargy 8. muscle weakness 9. n/v |
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hyperkalemia->5.0
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risk factors-
1.excess or rapid infusions of k 2. hypoaldosterone 3. renal failure manifestations- 1. apathy 2. confusion 3. diarrhea 4. gi hyperactivity 5. irritability 6. muscle weakness |
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hypocalcemia-<4.5
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risk factors-
1.acute pancreatitis 2. alcohol abuse 3. alkalosis 4. hyperphosphotemia 5.hypoparathyroidism 6. inadequate vit d intake 7. malabsorption 8. sepsis 9. thyroid carcinoma manifestations- 1. cramps 2. numb tingling extremeties |
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hypercalcemia->5.5
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risk factors-
1. pagets disease 2. malignancy of bone manifestations- 1. anorexia 2.constipation 3. dysrhythmias 4. lethargy 5. n/v 6. polyuria 7. weakness |
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hypochloremia-<95
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manifestations-
1. excess loss of ca through the gi tract, kidneys or sweating |
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hyperchloremia>105
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manifestations-
1. acidosis 2. coma 3. letargy 4. risk for dysrhythmias 5. weakness |
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hypomagnesium<1.5
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manifestations-
1.adrenal insufficiently 2. chronic alcholism 3. chvostek 4. neuromuscular irritability 5. renal failure 6. trosseau's sign risk factors- 1. burns 2.chronic alcohol abuse 3. excessive loss from gi tract 4. long term diuretic use 5. pancreatitis |
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hypermagnesium>2.5
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risk factors-
1. abnormal retention of magnesium 2. adrenal insuff 3. renal failure manifestations- 1. bradycardia 2.decrease b/p 3. muscle weakness 4. n/v 5. parlysis |
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hypophostemia-<2.5
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risk factors-
1.acid/base imbalance 2. alcohol withdrawl 3. glucose and inulin 4. TPN can cause phosphate to shift into the cells from ecf compartment manifestation- 1.mental changes 2. muscle weakness 3. pain 4. possible seizures |
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hyperphosphatemia>4.5
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risk factors-
phosphate shifts out of cells- A. tissue trauma B. chemo C. renal failure D, infants fed cow milk manifestations- 1.muscle spasms 2.tetany 3. tingling around the mouth & fingertips |
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respiratory acidosis
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risk factors-alveolar gas exchange impairement. Lungs can't get enough o2.
1. confusion 2. convulsions 3. decrease loc 4. dizziness 5.h/a 6.increase heart&resp rate assess: resp status 2. lung sounds 3. monitor airway 4.i&o 5. v/s 6. abg's 7. narc antagonist's 8. maintain adequate hydration |
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respiratory alkolsis
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hypervenilation-blowing off to much co2
1.c/o sob 2. chest tightness 3.blurred vision monitor- 1. v/s 2.abg's 3. assist client to breath more slowly 4. breath in paper bag or apply rebreather mask to inhale co2 |
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metabolic acidosis
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too much acid accumulation in the body
1. kussmaul's rsp(deep amd rapid) 2. lethargic 3. confuson 4. h/a 5. weakness 6.n/v monitor: 1.i&o 2.loc 3.v/s 4.admin iv sodium bicarb carefully 5. treat underlying prob |
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metabolic alkolsis
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to much base accumulation in the body
1. decreased rate and depth 2. dizziness 3. hypertonic muscles monitor: 1.i&o 2.loc 3. v/s 4.iv fluids |
