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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanical receptors |
Respond to damage |
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Thermal nociceptors |
Respond to temperature extremes |
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Polymodal nociceptors |
Respond equally to all kinds of damaging stimuli including irritating chemical released from injured tissues. |
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Vasodilation |
Vessels largen and increase blood flow |
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Vasoconstriction |
Blood vessels narrow and limits the amount of blood that can flow through. |
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Short cold |
-Less than 1 minute -Initial vasoconstriction, secondary vasodilation, vasoconstriction -circulation up, metabolism up |
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Long cold |
-More than 1 minute (usually 10-15, 20 max) - vasoconstriction - circulation down, metabolism down |
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Arteries |
Carry blood away from the heart to major organs |
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Veins |
Carry blood away from tissues and major organs to the heart. |
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Integument system |
Top epidermis Middle dermis Bottom subcutaneous |
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Epidermis |
Sheds dead skin cells |
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Dermis |
Contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve receptors |
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3 stages of sensation |
Stage 1: cold- the sensation Stage 2: pain - with possible aching and burning. Stage 3: Numbness - cessation of pain |
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1)Analgesic- pain relief 2)Anesthetic- numbing effect 3)Antispasmodic- relaxation of muscle spasms 4)Burn management- minimize formation of blisters and decrease pain 5)Stimulant 6)Tonic-causes contraction of muscles and increase muscle tone |
Benefits of cold water |
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Sprains increase rom when inflammation is present Decrease acute inflammation Decrease swelling: decrease secondary tissue damage Hemorrhage After treatment of trigger point Decrease muscle guarding |
Indications to use cryotherapy |
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Applications for cold treatments |
Ice packs Sluch packs Ice massage Cold immersion baths Heating compress |
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Short heat |
-less than 5 minutes -vasodilation -increase circulation and metabolism |
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Long heat |
-more than 5 minutes up to 30 minutes -venous stasis - decrease circulation -increase metabolism |
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Venous stasis |
Stagnation of blood in veins |
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Caution must be exercised in ____ treatments as the combination of increased metabolism can be dangerous to tissues. |
Long heat |
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- analgesic -antispasmodic -antiseptic -diaphoretic (eliminate toxins) -expectorant ( loosen congestion) -sedative (soothes and relaxes) -stimulant |
Benefits of hot water |
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Decrease pain Decrease stiffness Decrease joint pain and stiffness |
Indications to use heat |
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Gel packs Paraffin bath Hot footbath Heat packs Electric heating pad Hot immersion bath Balneotherapy Medicated bath Sitz bath Steam and sauna Showers Irrigations |
Applications for heat treatment |
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______ need to be drained and cleaned every 2 weeks. |
Hydrocollators |
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Short heat |
-3 minutes -vasodilation -increase both circulation and metabolism |
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Short cold |
-30 seconds -vasoconstriction -increase both circulation and metabolism |
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Contrast treatment 1 repetition |
Heat 3 minutes Cold 30 seconds |
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Contrast treatment 1 treatment |
4 to 8 repetitions |
