Hydrotherapy

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internal and external therapeutic use of water and complementary agents

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Hydrotherapy

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use of water to relieve discomfort and promote physical well-being

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hydrotherapy

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used for the effects of heating, cooling, debridement, pain relief, and relaxation of muscles.

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water therapy

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Greek word for water

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hydor

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Greek work for healing

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therapeia

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hydrotherapy was once known as ____________

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hydropathy (water cure)

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who first documented the hydrotherapy?

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hippocrates

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when was hydrotherapy first recorded?

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5th century BC

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in ____, communal public baths were used to promote health and wellness

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Rome

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in _____, flower essences and aromatic oils were added to bath waters to promote healing,

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Egypt

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In ______, Hippocrates advocated bathing in natural spring water

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Greece

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Regarded as the father of hydrotherapy

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Father Sebastian Kneipp

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where was Sebastian Kneipp came from?

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Worshofen, Bavaria, West Germany

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possessed exceptional knowledge and skills in using water to heal the ailments that afflicted his community

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Father Sebastian Kneipp

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intended to relieve pain, increase mobility, and promote a feeling of well-being

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Hydrotherapy

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non-toxic substance that is also used for cleansing and irrigating selected body cavities

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Water

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_____ is chosen for its relaxing properties, thought to stimulate the immune system

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hot water

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can also be used for stress reduction, and may be particularly relaxing in hot weather

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tepid water

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is selected to reduce inflammation

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cold water

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is frequently used as a carrier for essential oils that are inhaled to treat respiratory problems

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steam

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adding ______ to water can enhance its therapeutic value

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herbs and essential oils

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colorless, transparent, odorless and tasteless compound of oxygen and hydrogen

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water

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characteristics of water 1-5

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1. universal solvent
2. readily accessible
3. ability to absorb large amount of heat
4. good conductor of heat
5. may be applied with simple and inexpensive equipment

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water turns into solid ice at ____ F and into a vapor steam at ___F

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32, 212

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cause an initial action of increasing blood flow to the skin

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heat application

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cause the skin to blanch initially as a result of blood vessel constriction

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cold application

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Four major factors that contribute to the effects of water on the body 1-4

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1. temperature
2. moisture
3. mineral content
4. mechanical effect

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most common tool used in hydrotherapy treatments.

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temperature

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the amount of humidity or dampness in the air

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moisture

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___ at 100% humidity help moisten the mucous membranes of the nasal passages and throat and helps the skin purple

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steam baths

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another factor that influences the therapeutic effect on the body. Water, being a wonderful solvent, can readily dissolve other substances to form therapeutic solutions

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mineral content

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water weighs ___lbs per gallon

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8.33

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water may be pressurized as in a whirlpool or in a shower (factors)

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mechanical effect

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the mechanical effects of water are _____ and ______

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density and buoyancy

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properties of water 1-5

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1. buoyancy
2. hydrostatic pressure
3. cohesion
4. adhesion
5. surface tension

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upward force of water a body that creates an apparent decrease in the weight of a body while immersed

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buoyancy

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significance of this is used ot assist or resist exercises in the extremities and minimize stress of joints and muscle

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archimedes principle (buoyancy)

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ration of the F exerted by the fluid per body surface area

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Hydrostatic Pressure

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pressure exerted by water on immersed body

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hydrostatic pressure

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factors of hydrostatic pressure 1-2

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1. depth of the submerged part
2. density of the liquid

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fluid will exert equal pressure on an immersed body part at a given depth

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pascal's law

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tendency of water molecules to adhere to each other; water is attracted to water

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cohesion

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directly proportional to viscosity

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cohesion

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significance of this is that it contributes to resistance when moving through water

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cohesion

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tendency of water molecules to adhere to molecules of other substances

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adhesion

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water is attracted to other materials

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adhesion

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cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water

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surface tension

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significance of this is that horizontal movements are easier to perform in the water beneath the surface

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surface tension

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three most common application method of hydrotherapy 1-3

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1. packs
2. baths
3. frictions

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is a device for the application of heat, cold or nutrients

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packs

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examples of packs 1-6

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1. hot and cold compress
2. hot and cold packs
3. cryokinetics
4. stones
5. body wraps
6. contrast packs

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is a wet cloth, generally a wash cloth or towel, that has had water wrung from it and is applied to the skin's surface

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compress

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often laid across the forehead or across the back

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hot compress

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used primarily to soothe, relax, or warm clients during or after massage or during local cold application.

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hot compress

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frequently used to help keep clients comfortable during thermotherapy such as hot baths, steam bath, sauna baths or during body warps

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cold compress

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uses a pouch to deliver heat or cold. these packs used in professional settings are commercially manufactured and available in a variety of styles

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packs

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a wrapping cloth is soaked in a hot infusion or decoction of herbs, then wrung out and applied to the patient's body.

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hot packs

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alternatively, the wrap may receive a coating of hot mud mustard flour, or fango. as a further alternative, hayseed may be placed in a sack and steamed

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hot packs

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indication of this modality is painful chronic diseases such as arthrosis, renal disease, or cystitis, and for stimulating blood flow

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hot packs

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indications of this modalities are
1. pain control
2. reduce muscle/spasm
3. increase soft tissue extensibility
4. facilitate healing
5. subacute and chronic inflammation

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hot packs

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contraindications of this modality are
1. acute inflmmation
2. acute hemorrhage
3. impaired sensation
4. impaired mentation
5. DVT/thrombophlebitis
6. PVD
7. cancer
8. radiation therapy

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hot packs

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cooled cataplasm is spread onto the wrapping cloth and placed on the part of the body.

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cold packs.

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crushed ice in a plastic bag may also be repeatedly applied for one minute, then removed for four

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cold packs

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indications of this is when a patient has various inflammatory arthropathies, sprains and strains, pleurisy.

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cold packs

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can also be used for headaches

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ice packs

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the application of cold pack, ice immersion, or ice massage with or followed by full joint range motion

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cryokinetics

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the goal for this procedure is the fully functional use of an affected area

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cryokinetics

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application encompassing partial or full immersion in water or vapor

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baths

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use jet streams to massage the body

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whirlpool baths

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are frequently used by physical therapists to help injured persons regain muscle strength and to soothe joint and muscle pain

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whirlpool baths

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approved by midwives and OB to soothe the pain of labor

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hot tubs/ whirlpool baths

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advantages of this modality are
1. can be used for lceansing and debriding open wounds
2. patient can be positioned securely and comfortable
3. weaker muscles can move more freely than on dry land

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whirlpool baths

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consists of an exercise program that is performed in the water

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pool therapy

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it uses the physical properties of water to assist in patient healing and exercise performance

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pool therapy

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dry heat treatment wherein the client is in a wood-lined room that is able to withstand and insulate intense temperature.

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sauna

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temperature in sauna ranges from ____ Fahrenheit with ___% humidity

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160-210, 10-20%

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indicated for general tension and insomnia, but it also increases metabolism and circulation and aids in removal of toxins

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sauna

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conducted in a ceramic-tiled room filled with steam

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steam bath

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temperatures in steam bath are maintained between ___ and ____ with ____ humidity

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105-120F, 100%

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another term for steam bath

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sweat lodges

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decrease stress and assist the removal of toxins from the body

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steam bath

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heat treatment used to provide severe pain relief in strains and stiffness in the joints

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paraffin wax

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it is also used to reduce inflammation in the body

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paraffin wax

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features water sprayed over a standing client from both overhead and side-positioned needle-like jet valves.

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swiss shower

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water pressure and temperature varies to create a stimulating or invigorating effect

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swiss shower

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other name for vichy shower

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affusion shower

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taken while the client reclines on a special table as jets of water spray from multiple overhead-mounted showerheads

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vichy shower

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in the united states, this shower is used mostly to rinse of treatment products

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vichy shower

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the needlelike streams of water are either warm or alternately hot and cold

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vichy shower

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can be carried out with a watering can or hose

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douches

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the water should not splash but gently envelop the skin. the water stream should always be directed from the periphery toward the heart

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douche

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the water stream is directed from the right small toe, along the outside of the lower leg to the hollow of the knee then back along the inside and over the sole of the foot

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knee douche

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the procedure is as for a knee douche, but includes the upper thigh

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thigh douche

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the procedure is as for the thigh douche but including the lower trunk

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lower trunk douche

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direct the water stream from the outside of the right hand to the shoulder then back on the inside of the arm

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arm douche

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douche the arms first. useful for chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma, angina pectoris

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chest douche

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this involves the upper torso and arms. it can be used to improve blood flow to the lungs, heart and pleura

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upper trunk douche

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useful for headaches, migraines, tenseness in the shoulder and neck, hypersensiivity to changes in the weather, mild depression, tinnitus, vertigo, arthrosis of the hand and finger joints

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neck douche

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proceed from the right temple downward to the chin, upward to the left temple, from the right to left over the forehead and repeatedly form the forehead ot the chin the in circles over the face

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face douche

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involves alternating heat with cold in a single treatment. may be performed as whole-body or local treatment.

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contrast baths

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generally taken 3-10 min at 105-115F.

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hot sitz bath

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primary effect of hot sitz bath

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analgesic

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it may be helpful in cramps of the uterus or ureters, pain from hemorrhoids ovaries or testicles, sciatica, urinary retension, and after cystoscopy or hemorrhoidectomy.

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hot sitz cath

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are not indicated in cases of acute inflmmation, but may be appropriate for chronic PID

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hot sitz bath

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more appropriate for situations of acute inflammation, such as cystitis and acute PID.

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neutral sitz baths

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they are given at 92-95F for between 15 min to 2 hrs

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neutral sitz baths

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it is necessary to provide adequate coverings during this period to avoid chilling.

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Neutral sitz baths

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may also be very effective for pruritis of the anus or vulva

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neutral sitz baths

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given immediately following a warm-to-hot sitz bath of 1-3 minutes,(55-75F) and lasts from 30 secs to 8 min.

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cold sitz bath

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it is important to ensure that the water level of the hot bath on the body is at least 1 inch above the level of the cold water

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cold sitz bath

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used for subinvolution of the uterus, menorrhagia, atonic constipation, enureusis, atony of the bladder, and chronic prostatic congestion

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cold sitz bath

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given in groups of three alterations of hot to cold

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contrast sitz bath

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two separate tubs are necessary to facilitate this process

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contrast sitz bath

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3 minutes hot 30 minutes cold

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contrast sitz bath

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indicated for chronic PID, chronic prostatitis, atonic constipation and other anotic conditions of the pelvis

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contrast sitz bath

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the strong ___ effect created increases the blood flow in the pelvic region dramatically.

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revulsive

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include all modalities in which the client's skin is stimulated by rubbing

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hydrotherapeutic frictions

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Hydrotherapeutic frictions 1-4

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1. ice massage
2. salt glow
3. body scrub
4. cold-towel friction

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combines the use of ice with circular friction. have 6oz foam or paper cup filled with water frozen in the freezer ready to go

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ice massage

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also called cold-mitten friction

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cold-towel friction

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combines ice application through towels dipped in icy water and friction movements.

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cold-towel friction

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this application is regarded as a tonic treatment because it is thought to aid in the prevention

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cold-towel friction