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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PRESSURE CAN BE MEASURED WITH REFERENCE WITH TWO DATUM |
-absolute zero datum -local atmospheric datum |
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ABSOLUTE PRESSURE |
pressure measured relative to the absolute zero datum or "perfect vacuum" |
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GAUGE PRESSURE |
pressure measured relative to the local atmospheric datum |
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STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE |
the mean local atmospheric pressure at sea level |
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NB |
atmospheric pressure will be adopted that all pressure unless ESPECIALLY MARKED ABSOLUTE WILL BE TERMED GAUGE PRESSURE. |
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BOURDON GAUGE |
-device measuring gauge pressure -the pressure element is HOLLOW, CURVE, FLAT METALLIC TUBE closed at end with other connected to the pressure to be measured, |
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PRESSURE TRANDUCERS |
pressure sensing device to produce electronic signal that can be transmitted to digital devices for record keeping or process operations (SCADA- SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION) |
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ANEROID GAUGE |
- measuring absolute pressure - the cylinder is evacuated so that the pressure therein is close to absolute zero |
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MANOMETERS |
-are devices or instruments that uses liquids to determine pressure -devices that use liquid columns to measure the pressure at a point or the difference in pressure between two points |
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TYPES OF MANOMETER DEVICES |
1) PIEZOMETER TUBE 2) U TUBE MANOMETER 3) MERCURY MANOMETER 4) DIFFERENTIAL MANOMETER |
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CENTER OF PRESSURE (CP) |
where the location and the resultant force acts |
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CENTROID OF THE AREA |
which the area would be balanced if suspended from that point. equivalent to the center of gravity of a solid body |
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PRESSURE PRISM METHOD |
the resultant force acting against submerged plane area is equal to the volume of the pressure prism acting against this area ONLY APPLICABLE TO SUBMERGED RECTANGULAR AREA |
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Dc |
depth(vertical) of fluid from free surface of the fluid to the centroid of the area or center of gravity |
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Lc |
distance(inclined) from the free surface of the fluid to the centroid of the area measured along the angle of inclination of the area |
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Lp |
distance(incline) from the surface of the fluid to the center of pressure of the area, measured along the angle of inclination of the area |
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RESULTANT FORCE |
acts through the center of pressure which is always located below the centroid of any submerged area |
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DENSITY |
defined as its mass per unit volume |
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SPECIFIC GRAVITY |
use to compare density of fluid to density of another fluid |
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SPECIFIC WEIGHT |
weight per unit volume |
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COMPRESSIBILILTY |
the change in volume of fluid subjected to the change in pressure on it. |
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PASCAL LAW #1 |
-pressure acts uniformly in all directions -pressure is independent of size or shape of the container |
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PASCAL LAW#2 |
- fluid confined by solid boundaries -acts perpendicular to the boundary expressed in terms of an equivalent height of an fluid column |
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SURFACE TENSION |
acts like film between the liquid water surface and air above it -force per unit length or work per unit area to move lower molecule to surface |
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WICKING |
depends on capillary action describes the rise of fluid from a liquid surface |
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DYNAMIC VISCOSITY |
-measures the ease of which a fluids flow or its internal friction -energy loses due to movement of fluid from point a to point b -offers resistance to shear stress |
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SHEAR FORCE |
defined as the force required to slide one unit are of a substance over another |
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KINEMATIC VISCOSITY |
the ratio of dynamic viscosity to the density of fluid |
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NEWTONIAN FLUID |
any fluid which behaves according to the dynamic viscosity |
