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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus is typically characterized by what symptoms?
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The Three W's: Wet (incontinence), Wobbly (gait disturbance) and Wild (dementia).
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The neuropathology of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus involves
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verntricular enlargement with associated
a) white matter damage (compresses blood vessels and decreases blood flow) and b) compression of grey matter. |
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Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus treatment involves
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Ventricular shunt (20% to 80% success rate)
a) External ventricular drain b) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt c) Third ventriculostomy (perforations in floor of 3rd ventricle allowing CSF to drain into the interpenduncular cistern). |
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Three causes of Hydrocephalus
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1) Excess CSF
2) Obstruction of CSF flow 3) Decreased CSF absorption |
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Two categories of hydrocephalus
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1) communicating -excess of CSF (rare), decreased re-absorption in arachnoid granulations, or obstruction of flow in subarachnoid space
2) noncommunicating-obstruction of flow of CSF |
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Symptoms of hydrocephalus include
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*nausea
*headache (can be worse in morning) *vomiting *cognitive impairment *decreased level of consciousness *papilledema *cognitive dysfunction, decreased vision *sixth nerve palsies, *unsteady magnetic gait (feet barely leave floor) *incontinence. |
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Eye movement abnormalities associated with hydrocephalus
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1) Early stage: sixth nerve palsy-one or both eyes (incomplete or slow abduction of eye in horizontal direction.
2) More severe: inward deviation of one or both eyes. 3) Perinaud's syndrome: Limited upward gaze in the vertical direction. 4) In children: "Setting sun" sign: bilateral deviation of eyes downward and inward. |
