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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Obstructive lung disease
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decreased FEV1/FVC
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blue bloater with increased reid index (ratio of mucus thickness to wall thickness)
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Chronic bronchitis
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Pink puffer
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emphysema
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Charcot's - Leyden crystals (eosinophilic membrane) and Curschmann's spiral (whorled mucus plug)
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Bronchial asthma
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Restrictive lung disease
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increased FEV1/FVC
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Lung CA Complications
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hemoptysis, horner's syndrome, superior vena cava syndrome (tx with radiation), hoarseness (recurrent laryngeal nerve), and paraneoplastic syndrome (Cushing's, SIADH, hypercalcemia [small cell lung Ca] and ELS)
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Horner's syndrome
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ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis
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Lung Ca Diagnosis
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Sputum, CXR, and CT scan, 45-50 yrs old
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pancoast's tumor
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bronchogenic apical tumor associated with horner's syndrome
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bronchiolitis (age, mcc, dx, tx)
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0-1yo, RSV is the most common cause, viral URI followed by tachypnea and expiratory wheezing, treat with humidified oxygen and bronchodilators
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Croup (age, mcc, dx, tx)
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1-2 yo, parainfluenza is the most common cause, viral URI followed by a barking cough and inspiratory wheezing, subglottic tracheal narrowing (steeple sign), treat with humidified oxygen and bronchodialators
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Epiglotitis (age, mcc, dx, tx)
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2-5 yo, H. flu type B is mcc, high fever with drooling and respiraotry distress, swollen epiglottis on lateral X ray (thumb sign), tx with antibiotics and preparation for intubation
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silicosis increases the risk of infection with...
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M. tuberculosis
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Tuberculosis (TB)
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Ghon focus, could spread to vertebral bodies (Pott's disease)
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Pott's disease
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spread of TB to vertebral bodies
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Kussmaul's breathing
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diabetic ketoacidosis
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transudative effusion
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CHF, cirrhosis, and protein losing enteropathy
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exudative effusion (leaky capillaries)
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malignancy, infection (TB) and PE
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bilateral hilar adenopathy in a black patient
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sarcoidosis (dysnea, increased ACE, noncaseating granuloma and hypercalcemia)
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honey comb pattern on CXR
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interstitial pulmonary disease
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cardiomegaly, kerley b lines and prominent pulmonary vessels...
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CXR findings in pulmonary edema
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absent breath sounds in a trauma patient...
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pneumothorax
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tall male with acute shortness of breath
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spontaneous pneumothorax
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Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
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usually d/t DVT (inc risk factor with stasis, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability), hampton's hump on X-ray, hypoxia plus hypocarbia
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Asthma: Acute attack in children treatment
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treat with corticosteroids
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Asthma: Mild persistent asthma treatment
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treat with inhaled beta-agonist and corticosteroids
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Cystic fibrosis (CF)
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Failure to thrive in infants, frequent pulmonary infection (pseudomonas and S. aureus), greasy stools and + sweat chloride test (>60 in children), mostly caucasians, associated with fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs
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Goodpasture Syndrome
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autoantibody against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane (hemoptysis first followed by glomerulonephritis)
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occupational exposure to asbestos
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malignant mesothelioma
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MCC of pneumonia in IVDU
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S. aureus (can also lead to bacteremia)
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MCC of pneumonia in hospitalized patients
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Klebsiella (currant-jelly sputum)
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MCC of opportunistic cause of pneumonia in AIDS patients
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pneumocystis carinii
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