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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MC primary sources of metastases to the brain
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lung, breast, skin (melanoma) and GI
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most brain malignancy
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metastases
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radial nerve
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wrist extension (wrist drop if damaged), can be damaged through humeral fracture
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ulnar nerve
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finger abduction (claw hand if damaged), can be damaged by elbow dislocation
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median nerve
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pronation and thumb opposition, can be damaged by carpal tunnel syndrome or humeral fracture
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tapping the proximal palm of the hand elicits paresthesias
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tinel's sign (carpal tunnel syndrome)
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Axillary nerve
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abduction and lateral rotation, upper humeral dislocation or fracture
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obese young woman with papilledema and negative CT/MR scan of the head
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pseudotumor cerebri
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constant clearing of the throat in a child or teenager or/and intermittent burst of profanity
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tourette's syndrome
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day time falling sleep (cataplexy)
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narcolepsy
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MCC of dementia
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alzeimer's and multi-infarct
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facial port wine stain + seizures + mental retardation
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sturge-weber syndrome
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extension of the big toe upon stroking the bottom of the foot
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+ babinski sign (upper motor neuron lesion)
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common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage
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trauma and berry aneurysm
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bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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crescent shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline
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subdural hematoma
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altered mental status with an intervening lucid interval
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epidural hematoma (damage to middle meningeal artery)
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acute broken speech
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broca's aphasia due to damage to section of frontal lobe supplied by middle cerebral artery
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pain on neck flexion and meningeal irritation
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+ brudzinski's sign (meningitis)
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unilateral periorbital headache with tearing
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cluster headache
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photophobia with nausea and headache
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migraine headache (can be prevented by b-blocker, Ca-channel blockers and TCAs)
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headache along with bilateral hemianopsia and possible amenorrhea
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pituitary tumor leading top prolactinoma. Tx with a dopamine agonist (bromocriptine)
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vertigo + tinnitus +hearing loss
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meniere's disease
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seizure:
Children (2-10) |
infection and trauma
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Seizure:
Adults (10-40) |
trauma and alcohol withdrawal
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atrophy of mammillary bodies
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wernicke's encephalopathy secondary to alcohol abuse
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resting remor + rigidity + lewy bodies
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parkinson's dz - depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra and dopamine depletion (tx with levodopa/carbidopa)
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bilateral chorea (involuntary dance like movements)
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huntington's dz - caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
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hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
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kluver-bucy syndrome (affecting amygdala
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upper motor and lower motor neuron lesions at the same time
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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increase protein in CSF without increase in cell number
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(albuminocytologic dissociation): guillain-barre
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