Hwp 420 Test #2

Front 1

What is phosphocreatine

Back 1

NRG reservoir: makes ADP into ATP by adding a phosphate (phosphorylation), cells store 4-6x more Pcr than ATP.

Front 2

What is meant by free energy when discussing ATP usage during rapid movement?

Back 2

E available for work, Hydrolysis forms ADP when ATP joins w/ water (catalyzed by ATPase), releasing free E.

Front 3

What are the 3 stages of ATP production?

Back 3

Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

Front 4

Why is ATP storage limited?

Back 4

It resynthesizes at the rate of use (the imbalance causes the body to use some other stored E form), it is a heavier molecule, the response to cellular metabolism changes concentration quickly.

Front 5

What are the 2 carrier molecules needed for ATP production via electron transport?

Back 5

NAD and FAD

Front 6

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Back 6

producing ATP by passing electrons from carrier molecules to oxygen.

Front 7

3 Prerequisites for Continual Resynthesis of ATP during coupled oxidative phosphorylation

Back 7

1. availability of reducing agent in tissue
2. presence of oxidizing agent
3. sufficient concentration of enzymes and mitochondria

Front 8

Does glucose or trigylceride produce more ATP?

Back 8

trigylceride (produces 460 ATPs)

Front 9

What molecule temporarily binds with hydrogen ions to form lactate?

Back 9

Pyruvate

Front 10

What does lactate formation allow?

Back 10

Temporary continuation of ATP resynthesis until oxygen is available.

Front 11

What enzyme can limit the rate of glycolysis during maximal effort exercise?

Back 11

the lack of PFK

Front 12

What important step does this enzyme form?

Back 12

Locks glucose into the cell, which later reacts and becomes pyruvate

Front 13

What type of training improves lactate turnover/removal?

Back 13

Endurance training increases mitochondrial and capillary density
Sprinting/power training increases lactate tolerance

Front 14

Lactate is sent to the heart and other muscle cells for renewable E: True or False

Back 14

True

Front 15

High intensity training increases lactate tolerance by: (3)

Back 15

1. improved motivation
2. increased intramuscular glycogen stores
3. Increased glycolytic enzymes, particularly PFK

Front 16

When discussing oxygen uptake during exercise, a steady state is achieved when: (3)

Back 16

1. O2 demand is met by O2 delivery.
2. Balance btw E need and production
3. Blood lactate doesn't accumulate

Front 17

Why do aerobically trained individuals reach a steady state faster than sedentary individuals? (3)

Back 17

1. more rapid increase in cardiac output (blood flow)
2. Higher percentage of blood directed to active muscle (cxapillary density)
3. Training induced cellular adaptations such as enzymes and mitochondrial density

Front 18

What amounts of PFK, mitochondrial density, and cappilarization occur in a Type I fiber?

Back 18

-lowest PFK
-High mitochondrial density
-High capillarization

Front 19

What amounts of PFK, mitochondrial density, and cappilarization occur in a type IIA fiber?

Back 19

-more PFK
-Moderate mitochondrial density
-moderate capillarization

Front 20

What amounts of PFK, mitochondrial density, and cappilarization occur in a type IIB fiber?

Back 20

-most PFK
-low mitochondrial density
-low capillarization